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Projeto e exploração de estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR's): metodologia de dimensionamento, sua definição e inventariação relativa às estruturas da RAM
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação visa a elaboração de um inventário relativo às Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR’s) com base nos dados da Região Autónoma da Madeira (RAM), complementado por uma análise das soluções adotadas.
As Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR’s) têm um importante papel na preservação da qualidade das águas e na manutenção dos recursos hídricos através da implementação de sistemas de drenagem e tratamento de águas residuais. Os benifícios para as populações são evidentes quer na manutenção das zonas costeiras, quer no bem-estar na população. As estações tratam as águas residuais de origem doméstica e industrial para depois serem escoadas para o mar ou rio. Existem vários esquemas de Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR’s). A escolha do processo a implementar depende da localização, da carga a tratar e das propriedades exigidas para o efluente final tratado uma vez que existem processos que se revelam economicamente e ambientalmente mais rentáveis do que os outros.
Inicialmente, procede-se à identificação de todas as Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR’s) e à análise de cada tratamento. Realiza-se um registo fotográfico para a execução posterior de modo a poder enquadrá-los geograficamente, seguindo-se uma recolha de dados junto da ARM (Águas e Resíduos da Madeira).
Ao mesmo tempo é realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica por forma a conceber a base teórica do trabalho, nomeadamente a descrição do conceito Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR’s), como se dimensionam e funcionam, bem como o enquadramento legislativo que as enquadra.
Depois segue-se a caracterização da RAM, com referência à localização geográfica do Arquipélago. Também, são descritas de forma breve as diferente Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais da RAM (ETAR’s), sendo devidamente georreferenciadas.
Posteriormente, procedeu-se à execução da inventariação e registo, segundo os seguintes pressupostos, nomeadamente, o reconhecimento dos locais em estudo, o registo fotográfico e sua recolha (levantamento de campo), o tratamento e organização das informações relevantes para o conhecimento da ETAR da RAM e que se acham relevantes para sua evidenciação, criando assim uma base de dados.
Por fim, foi realizada uma compração entre os diferentes tipos de tratamentos das ETAR’s, o número de população residente e servida da RAM, a comparação dos caudais registados na RAM e a caracterização da natureza das águas residuais (afluentes e efluentes tratados) para as ETAR’s do Funchal, Gaula e Santa Cruz, para ter uma maior abordagem nas conclusões e recomendações para os desenvolvimentos que poderão ser realizados no futuro.
This dissertation aims to elaborate an inventory of the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) based on data from the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), complemented by an analysis of the solutions adopted. The Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) have an important role in preserving the quality of water and maintenance of water resources through the implementation of drainage and wastewater treatment systems. The benefits for populations are evident both in the maintenance of coastal areas as in the well-being of the population. The plants treat industrial and residential wastewater being drained afterwards to the sea or river. There are several Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) schemes. The choice of the process to be implemented depends on the location, the load being treated and the properties required for the final treated effluent since there are processes that are economically and environmentally more profitable than others. Initially, it proceeds to the identification of all Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) and analysis of each treatment. There will be a photographic record for the subsequent execution so as to fit them geographically, followed by data collection from the ARM services (Água e Resíduos da Madeira). At the same time a bibliographical search is carried out in order to develop the theoretical basis of the dissertation, including the description of the concept Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s), dimensioning and how it works, as well as the legislative framework. Then follows the characterization of RAM, with reference to the geographical location of the archipelago. Also the different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) on the region are briefly described and properly georeferenced. Subsequently, it follows to the creation of an inventory and registration, according to the following assumptions in particular the recognition of the studied locals, the photographic record and its collection (field survey), treatment and organization of information relevant to the knowledge of the WWTP’s on RAM and which are relevant to their disclosure, thus creating a database. Finally performing a comparison between different types of WWTP’s by type and function, the number of resident and served RAM population, comparing the flow rates registered in RAM and the characterization of the nature of wastewater (tributaries and processed effluent) regarding Funchal, Gaula and Santa Cruz WWTP’s, to have a greater approach in the conclusions and recomendations for developments that could be realized in the future.
This dissertation aims to elaborate an inventory of the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) based on data from the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), complemented by an analysis of the solutions adopted. The Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) have an important role in preserving the quality of water and maintenance of water resources through the implementation of drainage and wastewater treatment systems. The benefits for populations are evident both in the maintenance of coastal areas as in the well-being of the population. The plants treat industrial and residential wastewater being drained afterwards to the sea or river. There are several Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) schemes. The choice of the process to be implemented depends on the location, the load being treated and the properties required for the final treated effluent since there are processes that are economically and environmentally more profitable than others. Initially, it proceeds to the identification of all Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) and analysis of each treatment. There will be a photographic record for the subsequent execution so as to fit them geographically, followed by data collection from the ARM services (Água e Resíduos da Madeira). At the same time a bibliographical search is carried out in order to develop the theoretical basis of the dissertation, including the description of the concept Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s), dimensioning and how it works, as well as the legislative framework. Then follows the characterization of RAM, with reference to the geographical location of the archipelago. Also the different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP’s) on the region are briefly described and properly georeferenced. Subsequently, it follows to the creation of an inventory and registration, according to the following assumptions in particular the recognition of the studied locals, the photographic record and its collection (field survey), treatment and organization of information relevant to the knowledge of the WWTP’s on RAM and which are relevant to their disclosure, thus creating a database. Finally performing a comparison between different types of WWTP’s by type and function, the number of resident and served RAM population, comparing the flow rates registered in RAM and the characterization of the nature of wastewater (tributaries and processed effluent) regarding Funchal, Gaula and Santa Cruz WWTP’s, to have a greater approach in the conclusions and recomendations for developments that could be realized in the future.
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Inventário ETAR’s Afluente Efluente Madeira (Portugal) Inventory WWTP’s Affluent Engenharia Civil . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia