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Directrizes para dimensionamento de estruturas de dissipação de energia do escoamento em regiões de orografia complexa
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 5.79 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objectivo a análise e descrição das
diferentes soluções de dissipação de energia do escoamento, bem como os
respectivos critérios de dimensionamento das estruturas, geralmente localizadas a
jusante de aquedutos (passagens hidráulicas), ao longo de canais (naturais ou
artificiais), nos sistemas de rega e nos descarregadores de barragem. Indicam-se
detalhadamente os domínios de aplicação das estruturas mais adequadas para
regiões de orografia complexa, como é o caso da Região Autónoma da Madeira
(RAM), bem como os critérios de dimensionamento de cada tipo de estrutura de
dissipação. As análises anteriores permitiram elaborar uma proposta de algoritmo
para verificação da necessidade de implantação da estrutura de dissipação de
energia, selecção e dimensionamento da estrutura adequada.
O estudo apresenta o levantamento e classificação das soluções de dissipação de
energia do escoamento implantadas nas três principais bacias hidrográficas onde
se integra o concelho de Funchal (Ribeiras de São João, Santa Luzia e João Gomes)
na RAM. Analisaram-se as soluções implementadas no terreno e avaliaram-se os
cenários alternativos no que concerne ao tipo de estrutura de dissipação de
energia.
Da avaliação das soluções implementadas na RAM, constatou-se que devido ao
forte declive das encostas e linhas de água, bem como a elevada capacidade de
transporte sólido, a solução que melhor se adequa é aquela que impede (ou
atenua) a ocorrência do escoamento em regime rápido (supercrítico). Nesse tipo
de solução incluem-se as estruturas de queda abrupta e em degraus, pois
permitem regular o declive do canal tornando-o mais suave (reduzindo a
capacidade de transporte do material sólido) e dissipam a energia do escoamento.
O trabalho pretende constituir uma ferramenta útil para engenheiros projectistas e
consultores.
This dissertation has as aim the analysis and description of different solutions for flow energy dissipation, as well as the criteria for their design of the structures, generally located downstream of culverts, along channels (natural or artificial), irrigation systems and in dam spillways. It indicates in detail the application domains of the most appropriate structures for regions of complex orography, as is the case of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, as well as the design criteria of each type of energy dissipation structure. The previous analyses allowed to elaborate an algorithm proposal to verify the need for implantation of energy dissipation structure, selection and design of the appropriate structure. The study presents a survey and classification of the solutions of flow energy dissipation deployed in three major watersheds which integrates the Municipality of Funchal (Ribeiras de São João, Santa Luzia and João Gomes) in Madeira. The solutions implemented in the field were analyzed and alternative scenarios regarding the type of energy dissipation structure were evaluated. From the evaluation of the solutions implemented in Madeira, it was found that due to the strong gradient of the slopes and watercourses, as well as the high capacity of transporting solid material, the solution that best suits is the one that prevents (or attenuates) the occurrence of supercritical flow. In this type of solution is included the drop structures and the stepped structures, once they allow to regulate the gradient of the channel making it smoother (reducing the transport capacity of the solid material) and to dissipate the flow energy. The work is intended to be a useful tool for design engineers and consultants.
This dissertation has as aim the analysis and description of different solutions for flow energy dissipation, as well as the criteria for their design of the structures, generally located downstream of culverts, along channels (natural or artificial), irrigation systems and in dam spillways. It indicates in detail the application domains of the most appropriate structures for regions of complex orography, as is the case of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, as well as the design criteria of each type of energy dissipation structure. The previous analyses allowed to elaborate an algorithm proposal to verify the need for implantation of energy dissipation structure, selection and design of the appropriate structure. The study presents a survey and classification of the solutions of flow energy dissipation deployed in three major watersheds which integrates the Municipality of Funchal (Ribeiras de São João, Santa Luzia and João Gomes) in Madeira. The solutions implemented in the field were analyzed and alternative scenarios regarding the type of energy dissipation structure were evaluated. From the evaluation of the solutions implemented in Madeira, it was found that due to the strong gradient of the slopes and watercourses, as well as the high capacity of transporting solid material, the solution that best suits is the one that prevents (or attenuates) the occurrence of supercritical flow. In this type of solution is included the drop structures and the stepped structures, once they allow to regulate the gradient of the channel making it smoother (reducing the transport capacity of the solid material) and to dissipate the flow energy. The work is intended to be a useful tool for design engineers and consultants.
Description
Keywords
Dissipação de energia do escoamento Selecção de estruturas Algoritmo de dimensionamento Controlo de erosão e transporte sólido Flow energy dissipation Selection structures Design algorithm Erosion control and solid transport Engenharia Civil . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia