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Alunos de mérito no ensino superior: estudo de caracterização numa universidade portuguesa
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| 1.95 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Com o desenvolvimento da Psicologia Positiva observou-se um maior interesse pelas características positivas dos indivíduos, assim como, pela influência das mesmas no sucesso profissional e realização pessoal dos sujeitos. No contexto académico, verifica-se um aumento da preocupação em descrever os alunos mais capazes e identificar os fatores e os processos que se encontram associados a essa capacidade de desempenho superior. Este estudo quantitativo tem como objetivo contribuir para a caraterização psicológica de um grupo de alunos do ensino superior, que apresenta resultados académicos elevados. A amostra é composta por 40 alunos (22 do sexo masculino e 18 do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 47 anos, de três áreas do conhecimento (Artes e Humanidades; Ciências da Saúde e Sociais; Ciências Económicas e Tecnologias), de uma universidade pública portuguesa, que concluíram uma Licenciatura com uma classificação igual ou superior a 14 valores no ano letivo 2014/2015. A recolha dos dados foi efetuada através da aplicação das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven, do Inventário de Personalidade NEO PI-R e do Inventário de Caraterísticas Psicológicas Associadas ao Desempenho Académico. Os resultados sugerem que este grupo de alunos apresenta, na generalidade, um potencial cognitivo acima da média nas Matrizes de Raven, elevados níveis de Conscienciosidade e Abertura à experiência no Inventário de Personalidade NEO PI-R, destacando-se também por níveis mais elevados nas escalas Cognitivo-criativa, Motivação e Estratégias de aprendizagem, Persistência, Interação Social e Interesse Cultural do Inventário de Caraterísticas Psicológicas Associadas ao Desempenho Académico. A partir destes resultados e estabelecendo uma ligação com a literatura, discutimos os mesmos e refletimos sobre a pertinência de intervenção com estes alunos, identificamos limitações do estudo e apontamos linhas orientadoras para investigações futuras.
With the development of Positive Psychology it was observed a greater interest in the positive characteristics of individuals, as well as in the influence of those characteristics on their professional success and personal fulfillment. In academic context, there is an increasing concern in describing the most capable students and identify the factors and processes associated with their capability for higher performance. This quantitative study aims to contribute to the psychological characterization of a group of students in higher education, which has high academic results. The sample consists of 40 students (22 males and 18 females), aged between 21 and 47 years, from three areas of knowledge (Arts and Humanities; Health and Social Sciences; Economic Sciences and Technologies) of a Portuguese public university, who completed a degree with a rating equal to or greater than 14 in the academic year 2014/2015. The data collection was performed applying Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Personality Inventory NEO PI-R and the Inventory of Psychological Characteristics Associated with Academic Performance. The results suggest that this group of students has, in general, a cognitive potential above average in Raven’s Matrices, high levels of Conscientiousness and Openness to experience in Personality Inventory NEO PI-R, and are also distinguished by higher levels in Cognitive-Creative, Motivation and Learning Strategies, Persistence, Social Interaction and Cultural Interest scales of the Inventory of Psychological Characteristics Associated with Academic Performance. From these results and establishing a link with the literature, we discuss them and reflect on the relevance of intervention with these students, we identify limitations of the study and point out guidelines for future investigations.
With the development of Positive Psychology it was observed a greater interest in the positive characteristics of individuals, as well as in the influence of those characteristics on their professional success and personal fulfillment. In academic context, there is an increasing concern in describing the most capable students and identify the factors and processes associated with their capability for higher performance. This quantitative study aims to contribute to the psychological characterization of a group of students in higher education, which has high academic results. The sample consists of 40 students (22 males and 18 females), aged between 21 and 47 years, from three areas of knowledge (Arts and Humanities; Health and Social Sciences; Economic Sciences and Technologies) of a Portuguese public university, who completed a degree with a rating equal to or greater than 14 in the academic year 2014/2015. The data collection was performed applying Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Personality Inventory NEO PI-R and the Inventory of Psychological Characteristics Associated with Academic Performance. The results suggest that this group of students has, in general, a cognitive potential above average in Raven’s Matrices, high levels of Conscientiousness and Openness to experience in Personality Inventory NEO PI-R, and are also distinguished by higher levels in Cognitive-Creative, Motivation and Learning Strategies, Persistence, Social Interaction and Cultural Interest scales of the Inventory of Psychological Characteristics Associated with Academic Performance. From these results and establishing a link with the literature, we discuss them and reflect on the relevance of intervention with these students, we identify limitations of the study and point out guidelines for future investigations.
Description
Keywords
Mérito académico Caraterísticas psicológicas Traços de personalidade Inteligência geral Ensino Superior Academic merit Psychological characteristics Personality traits General intelligence Higher education Psicologia da Educação . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades