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- Inter-industry wage dispersion in PortugalPublication . Hartog, Joop; Pereira, Pedro T.; Vieira, José A. C.The emerging notion that corporatism/centralisation reduces inter-industry wage disper sion is the main leading force behind this paper. We use data from a long series of comparable datasets to analyse the evolution of the size of inter-industry wage dispersion in Portugal. We compare the results with the ones obtained in other countries to find that the country has a high inter-industry wage inequality when compared with the European standard. Nevertheless, the dispersion decreased during the second half of the 1980s along with the establishment of a neo-corporatist setting, supporting the expected reduction.
- Subjective assessment on vocational training activities: a generalized ordered probit approachPublication . Budría Rodríguez, Santiago; Pereira, Pedro TelhadoIn this paper, we use self-assessed data from participants in vocational train ing in Madeira to investigate what are the determinants of the effectiveness of the training along three dimensions: employment, job-related skills and produc tivity. We find that respondents score training activities high in every dimension. Moreover, we find that training is more effective among the educated, indicat ing that vocational training is far from being remedial. We also find that long training programs and training in the area of Tourism are particularly effective. The results, based on a Generalized Ordered Probit, uncover the differential ef fect that some characteristics have among individuals who report high and low effectiveness scores.
- Who values what in a tourism destination? The case of Madeira IslandPublication . Oliveira, Paulo; Pereira, Pedro TelhadoThis research studies the importance placed on different aspects of a tourism destination – Madeira Island – at the time tourists make their decision to visit. The authors use an ordered probit model to see how the socio-demographic characteristics of the tourists and different aspects of the trip affect the valuation given to 30 different aspects of the destination. They conclude that males tend to value 12 of the aspects less, while valuing golf more. Older tourists place a higher value on the scenery of the destination and a lower value on the more active/sport aspects. The more educated tourists value levadas (man-made water channels with pathways used for pedestrian walks) more and organized tours less. British tourists value the climate and Portuguese tourists value extreme sports. These results are very useful when preparing any marketing strategy and extremely important when preparing development plans for the tourism sector.
- Changing returns to education in Portugal during the 1980s and early 1990s: OLS and quantile regression estimatorsPublication . Hartog, Joop; Pereira, Pedro T.; Vieira, José A. C.This paper examines the evolution of the returns to education in Portugal over the 1980s and early 1990s. The main ®ndings indicate that the returns to education have increased, particularly after joining the European Union in 1986. Since this occurred along with an increase in the level of education within the labour force, the process is most likely demand driven. The results also indicate that modelling on average (i.e. OLS) misses important features of the wage structure. Quantile regression (QR) analysis reveals that the eŒect of education is not constant across the conditional wage distribution. They are higher for those at higher quantiles in the conditional wage distribution. Wage inequality expanded in Portugal over the 1980s and the returns to education had an important role in this process.
- Does education reduce wage inequality? Quantile regression evidence from 16 countriesPublication . Martins, Pedro S.; Pereira, Pedro T.Quantile regression estimates of returns to education are used to address the relation between schooling and wage inequality. Empirical evidence for male workers from 16 countries for the mid 1990s suggests a robust stylised fact: Returns to schooling are higher for the more skilled individuals, conditional on their observable characteristics. This suggests that schooling has a positive impact upon within-levels wage inequality. Factors such as over-education, ability – schooling interactions and school quality or different fields of study may be driving this result. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Is there a return–risk link in education?Publication . Pereira, Pedro Telhado; Martins, Pedro SilvaUsing results for 16 countries, the positive relationship between return to education and the risk involved in this investment is studied. It seems that most of the countries fit the pattern well: higher risk–higher return and the tradeoff is rather large.
- Ensino superior - valor económico e financiamento: notas de uma leitura pessoalPublication . Pereira, Pedro Telhado
- The wage effects of training in Portugal: differences across skill groups, genders, sectors and training typesPublication . Budría, Santiago; Pereira, Pedro TelhadoThis article investigates the determinants and wage effects of training in Portugal. In a first stage, we show that there are considerable differences in training participation across groups of workers, with elder and low educated individuals participating substantially less. In a second stage, we show that training has a positive and significant impact on wages. The estimated wage return is about 30% for men and 38% for women. Discriminating between levels of education and working experience and the public and private sector reveals important differences across categories of workers. We find that women, low educated workers and workers with long working experience earn larger returns from training. The average effect of training is similar in the private sector and the public sector. However, differences across experience groups are larger in the private sector, while differences across education groups are larger in the public sector. We use three alternative classifications of training activities and find that training in the firm, training aimed to improve skills needed at the current job and training with duration less than a year are associated to larger wage gains.
- The contribution of vocational training to employment, job-related skills and productivity: evidence from MadeiraPublication . Budría, Santiago; Pereira, Pedro TelhadoIn this paper, we analyse the transition to the labor market of participants in vocational training in Madeira in Portugal. The analysis is in two stages. First, we investigate how the employ ment status at different dates (1 month, 1 year, and 2 years after the completion of the training program) depends on relevant variables, such as age, gender, education and the content and duration of the training. Second, we use individuals’ self assessment of the effectiveness of the training program along three dimensions: employment, job-related skills and produc tivity. The respondents score training activities high on every dimension. Moreover, we find that training is more effective among the educated, indicating that vocational training is far from being remedial. We also find that long training programs and training related to tourism are particularly effective.
- How do consumers value airline services attributes? A stated preferences discrete choice model approachPublication . Pereira, Pedro Telhado; Almeida, António; Menezes, António Gomes de; Vieira, José CabralWe implement a stated preferences choice game and estimate a conditional logit model to learn the determinants of airline choice and to quantify consumers' willingness to pay for airline services attributes such as flight frequency, punctuality warranties and comfort in the Portuguese air corridor between Madeira and Oporto; the third and second most important Portuguese airports, respectively. We show that our stated preferences discrete choice model exercise is a cost effective way for airline marketing managers to elicit consumer preferences and willingness to pay measures which are quite valuable to make airline operations more effective.