Loading...
11 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
- Contributo para o conhecimento da agrodiversidade no concelho de Santa Cruz, MadeiraPublication . Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de; Ragonezi, Carla; Macedo, Fabrício Lopes de; Antunes, Gonçalo; Freitas, Gregório; Nóbrega, HumbertoO presente trabalho procura analisar as alterações sofridas pela agrodiversidade no território do Santa Cruz. Este concelho localizado na costa sul da Madeira tem 81,5 km2, quatro patamares bioclimáticos e numerosas unidades agroecológicas (UAE). A evolução da agrodiversidade iniciou-se, com o povoamento do Arquipélago, descoberto inabitado em 1418. A agrodiversidade biofísica, específica e intraespecífica aumentou e diversificou-se, devido à construção de agrossistemas, introdução de culturas, sucessão de ciclos agrícolas, adaptação às condições agroecológicas, aparecimento de pragas e doenças e pela ação do homem. Os registos históricos indicam a introdução de um elevado número de culturas, bem como a utilização de 72 espécies agrícolas, no concelho. E, indicam como fundamentais no povoamento e economia as culturas do trigo e as cerealíferas (cevada, centeio), cana-sacarina, vinha e sumagre. Várias outras culturas desempenharam um papel importante na economia do concelho, sendo cultivadas para fins alimentares, comerciais, industriais, culturais ou religiosos. A adaptação destas espécies aos agrossistemas e às condições agroecológicas deu origem a um número indeterminado de variedades locais. Apesar das limitações da documentação disponível, foram encontradas referências a variedades locais cuja cultura remonta há 140 a 500 anos, nomeadamente o Trigo da Serra, castas Malvasia e Tinta Antiga de Gaula, pêra Caniça, Banana da terra, feijão Corno de carneiro e Couve de João Ferino, que podem ser relacionadas com o historial do concelho. Porém, desde meados do século XX, a agrodiversidade sofreu uma drástica redução com a diminuição das áreas cultivadas, o abandono de várias espécies agrícolas e a extinção de variedades locais. A análise desta agrodiversidade foi realizada, a fim de apurar as alterações históricas e geográficas ocorridas na agrodiversidade em onze culturas representativas do concelho, visando a sustentabilidade agronómica.
- Structure and floristic composition associated with an endangered species Beta patula Aiton (Amaranthaceae) in the Islands of Madeira ArchipelagoPublication . Nóbrega, Humberto; Freitas, Gregório; Zavattieri, M. A.; Ragonezi, Carla; Carvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro deTwenty-two native Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) occur in specific dry environments of Madeira Archipelago, like Desembarcadouro islet in Ponta de São Lourenço and Chão islet in Desertas Islands. Nine of them share the same gene pool with crop species included in Annex I of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Amongst them, Beta patula Aiton, an IUCN Critically Endangered species, has been studied in detail for in situ and ex situ conservation. The present paper summarises the information recorded during the Beta patula population assessment. Valuable information on plant communities associated with this species was obtained.
- Genetic variability of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in bread wheat from continental Portugal, Madeira and Canary IslandsPublication . Santos, Teresa M. M. dos; Nóbrega, Humberto; Ganança, José Filipe Teixeira; Silva, Emanuel; Afonso, Desire; Gutiérres, Abílio F. M.; Slaski, Jan J.; Khadem, Manhaz; Carvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro deThe genetic variability of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMWGS) composition at the Glu-1 loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied electrophoretically using the SDS–PAGE in 3,470 individuals representing 159 populations originated from the Canary Islands (Spain), the Archipelago of Madeira (Portugal) and the continental Portugal. A total of 25 alleles were detected, resulting in 69 different allele combinations. The geographical distribution of the high molecular weight glutenin alleles confirms historical data regarding circulation of wheat germplasm between the Iberian Peninsula and Madeira and between Madeira and the Canary Islands and vice versa.
- Propagation of nine endemic plant species from Madeira Island (Portugal)Publication . Henriques, Dina; Fontinha, Susana; Neves, Margarida Costa; Nóbrega, Humberto; Ferro, António; Carvalho, M. A. A. Pinheiro deEfficient propagation of endangered plant species is a critical factor in successful ecological restoration and conscientious habitat management. Hence, propagation trials of nine endemic plant species of Madeira (Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe, Armeria maderensis Lowe, Cedronella canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel., Erica maderensis (Benth.) Bornm., Genista tenera (Jacq. ex Murray) Kuntze, Helichrysum melaleucum Rchb. ex Holl, Pericallis aurita (L'Her.) B. Nord., Sideritis candicans Aiton and Teline maderensis Webb & Berthel.) were carried out. Plant propagation requirements and their sexual and vegetative propagation methods were studied. Seed germination success varied between species. Germination rate exceeded 70% in six out of nine species, being lower than 30% in Pericallis aurita, while H. melaleucum seeds did not germinate. Vegetative propagation yielded lower success rates, with three species (Erica maderensis, Genista tenera and Teline maderensis) unable to establish roots, and three species (Helichrysum melaleucum, Pericallis aurita and Sideritis candicans) exceeding 60% of the rooting success. Establishment of the propagation requirements of these species could be regarded an important tool for supporting Madeira’s flora conservation programs.
- Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity on the Island of MadeiraPublication . Freitas, Gregório; Ganança, José F.T.; Nóbrega, Humberto; Nunes, Élvio; Costa, Graça; Slaski, Jan J.; Carvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro deThe variability of fifty populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide range of ecological conditions on the Island of Madeira, was evaluated based on morphological and reproductive traits. Individual data of 58 traits related to earliness, plant and tassel structure and the shape of the ear and grain were analysed using multivariate analysis. The populations belonging to two major common varieties were clustered into fifteen groups by their degree of dissimilarity, based on discriminant analysis. The dissimilarity of these groups was con- firmed by one way ANOVA. The racial rank of these groups was proposed and a brief description of the common bean landraces was presented. This work represents the first morphological characterization and analysis of diversity of bean germplasm from the Archipelago of Madeira, where the traditional agricultural practices are still keeping this Portuguese region free from improved bean varieties. The description of the Madeiran bean landraces allows the preservation of the existing bean biodiversity and could be used for their registration as conservation landraces, or for conservation and breeding purposes worldwide.
- Anticipating the Climate Change Impacts on Madeira’s Agriculture: The Characterization and Monitoring of a Vine AgrosystemPublication . Carvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de; Ragonezi, Carla; Oliveira, Maria Cristina O.; Reis, Fábio; Macedo, Fabrício Lopes; Freitas, José G. R. de; Nóbrega, Humberto; Ganança, José Filipe T.Climate—Madeira Strategy (CMS) foresees two models to describe the climate scenarios for the Madeira region in 2050 and 2070. These scenarios anticipate an average temperature rise of 1.4 to 3.7 ◦C and a decrease in precipitation by 30 to 40%. Consequently, Madeira’s agriculture will suffer the impacts of climate change. To understand these impacts, a baseline of major agrosystem components needs to be established, with the ultimate goal to monitor its consequences in its functioning. CASBio project used the 1961–1991 and 2010–2020 meteorological data series to modulate climate conditions and characterize and monitor six agrosystems for 2 years. One of them was a vineyard, Quinta das Vinhas, representing a typical agrosystem in the Mediterranean climate. The annual and seasonal variation in climatic parameters, soil conditions, microbiological communities, floristic and insect diversity, and crop production was assessed, using a total of 50 parameters. The results were used to establish a baseline of the agrosystem components and their seasonal and annual variation. The major findings are: (i) winter and summer extreme events show a trend in temperature and precipitation supporting a fast change in climate; (ii) a critical imbalance between nitrogen fixing and denitrifying bacteria was identified, especially in summer, that could be determined by the rise in temperature and drought; (iii) among floristic diversity, the therophytes and geophytes confirm to be the most suitable indicators for the rise in temperature and reduction in precipitation in the agrosystems; (iv) an imbalance in favor of C. capitata plague was observed, associated with the summer rise in temperature and decrease in precipitation; (v) despite an increase in most of the grape varieties production, the Madeiran wine local varieties were shown to be less stable in productivity under observed climate conditions. The agrosystem baseline is a starting point for long term monitoring and allows for further quantifying the influence of climate change on agrosystem productivity, resilience, and sustainability.
- Estimation of Productivity and Above-Ground Biomass for Corn (Zea mays) via Vegetation Indices in Madeira IslandPublication . Macedo, Fabrício Lopes; Nóbrega, Humberto; Freitas, José G. R. de; Ragonezi, Carla; Pinto, Lino; Rosa, Joana; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. PinheiroThe advancement of technology associated with the field, especially the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) coupled with multispectral cameras, allows us to monitor the condition of crops in real time and contribute to the field of machine learning. The objective of this study was to estimate both productivity and above-ground biomass (AGB) for the corn crop by applying different vegetation indices (VIs) via high-resolution aerial imagery. Among the indices tested, strong correlations were obtained between productivity and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with a significance level of p < 0.05 (0.719), as well as for the normalized difference red edge (NDRE), or green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) with crop productivity (p < 0.01), respectively 0.809 and 0.859. The AGB results align with those obtained previously; GNDVI and NDRE showed high correlations, but now with a significance level of p < 0.05 (0.758 and 0.695). Both GNDVI and NDRE indices showed coefficients of determination for productivity and AGB estimation with 0.738 and 0.654, and 0.701 and 0.632, respectively. The use of the GNDVI and NDRE indices shows excellent results for estimating productivity as well as AGB for the corn crop, both at the spatial and numerical levels. The possibility of predicting crop productivity is an essential tool for producers, since it allows them to make timely decisions to correct any deficit present in their agricultural plots, and further contributes to AI integration for drone digital optimization.
- Distribution and abundance of Beta patula Aiton and other crop wild relatives of cultivated beets on MadeiraPublication . Carvalho, Miguel A.A. Pinheiro de; Nóbrega, Humberto; Frese, Lothar; Freitas, Gregório; Abreu, Uriel; Costa, Graça; Fontinha, SusanaIn the Archipelago of Madeira four crop wild relatives of beets are native: Beta patula, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, Patellifolia procumbens, and Patellifolia patellaris. All species are valuable genetic resources for the sugar beet breeding. Only in the very eastern part of the Madeira Island on the islet Ilhéu do Desembarcadouro and Ilhéu Chão the endemic species Beta patula can be found. On both islets the plant number of this very rare species, and of the two widely distributed species B. vulgaris subsp. maritima and P. procumbens was established and the habitat described. The results of the species census are presented. The establishment of a genetic reserve for Beta patula is suggested in this paper with the objective to protect this species more effectively.
- Manual técnico da macieiraPublication . Antunes, Gonçalo; Freitas, Graça; Freitas, Gregório; Nóbrega, Humberto; Freitas, Isabel Tomás; Neto, Manuel; Rodrigues, Miguel; Dantas, Luís Miguel; Nunes, Rui; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de
- Aluminium tolerance in bean traditional cultivars from MadeiraPublication . Domingues, Ana Maria; Silva, Emanuel da; Freitas, Gregório; Ganança, José Filipe; Nóbrega, Humberto; Slaski, Jan J.; Carvalho, Miguel Ângelo Pinheiro deCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop in the world, providing low-cost, high quality protein, minerals and dietary fiber for human nutrition. The crop was originated from diversity centers in America and exhibits adaptation abilities to different environmental conditions, including soil with low pH. Acid soils occupy 30% of the agro ecosystem areas in the world. In Madeira, acid Andosols and unsatured Cambisols are the dominant groups of soils. Generally, under acidic and infertile conditions, besides of H+ toxicity, soluble aluminium (Al) is the most important abiotic factor limiting plant development and crop productivity. In the field, the hidden roots are also affected and the reduction of root growth under Al stress can be clearly observed in early stages. Seedlings of fifty bean accessions from the Archipelago of Madeira were tested under controlled conditions in the presence of 50 mM Al at pH 4.4. In general, the tested germplasm appeared to be sensitive or very sensitive to Al toxicity. However, fifteen traditional cultivars clearly exhibited elevated Al-tolerance, with an average root relative elongation (RRE) exceeding 50%, while top six accessions surpassed the 60% RRE mark. The Madeira bean germplasm is a valuable resource for sustainable crop production in acid soils and it could be used as parental lines in breeding programs aimed for Al tolerance in common beans.