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Design paramétrico aplicado à casa de Santana, Ilha da Madeira: integrar novas tecnologias na identidade local
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação centra-se na elaboração de um projeto de investigação no âmbito do design dos
espaços. Teve como principal objetivo desenvolver investigação sobre habitações tradicionais eco
eficientes da Região Autónoma da Madeira (RAM), centrada particularmente na tradicional Casa de
Santana, no sentido de se perceber a relevância e adaptabilidade destes designs aos tempos atuais.
Abrigos construídos desde sempre pelo Homem nesta região, que se encontram descritos no livro
"Arquitecturas populares da Madeira” por Veiga de Oliveira (1994) e que se caracterizam pela
utilização de matérias-primas locais encontradas na natureza ou no cultivo dos campos e que
originaram o desenvolvimento de técnicas construtivas locais com alto valor patrimonial e ambiental.
A utilização destes materiais, de técnicas específicas e de um design de habitação básico do tipo
A-frame, foram fundamentais para que o madeirense conseguisse sobreviver e prosperar em
condições meteorológicas adversas. Atualmente, essas construções fazem ainda parte da identidade
e do quotidiano de algumas comunidades resilientes da RAM. Importa por isso identificá-las,
entender o seu design e, acima de tudo, perceber como têm sido adaptados à atualidade pelas
populações e como podem ser recriados pelos designers.
Por outro lado, tem-se verificado uma procura crescente deste tipo de habitações, afastadas dos
centros urbanos e das grandes aglomerações das cidades, por questões ambientais e paisagísticas.
Estas são vistas como uma solução de habitação ideal para desligar da rotina diária e como forma de
permitir o recreio e novas experiências e sensações de bem-estar. Esta tendência tem criado novos
desafios aos designers de espaços, que têm desenvolvido, com base no design thinking, novas
soluções com elevado valor conceptual, social e de sustentabilidade. Soluções estas, que são por
vezes desenvolvidas a partir da convergência entre as áreas do design e da antropologia, no sentido
de readequar conhecimentos ancestrais à agenda da sustentabilidade. É o caso do Centro cultural
Jean-Marie Tjibaou, criado por Renzo Piano na Nova Caledónia, em que técnicas vernaculares e conhecimentos ancestrais, são usados para tornar o edifício adequado às condições geográficas e
climatéricas daquele local. Para além disso, o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas criativas, como
o design paramétrico, podem agora ser usadas para ajudar os designers a solucionar problemas
estruturais, a partir de algoritmos que geram formas geométricas e edifícios mais eficientes. Nesta dissertação, estas questões são abordadas em três momentos:
No capítulo 1 apresenta-se um estudo sobre a “casa de Santana”. A evolução destas habitações ao
longo dos tempos e a descodificação da sua linguagem construtiva, fazendo o seu enquadramento
histórico e aprofundando o tema das construções elementares do tipo A- frame na RAM.
Apresenta-se igualmente uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa sobre as habitações deste tipo,
atualmente em uso no concelho de Santana.
O capítulo 2 consiste na apresentação do projeto de Design dos espaços da habitação do tipo
A-frame desenvolvida a partir da análise anterior. Inicialmente são feitas considerações
metodológicas, centradas no Design Thinking, descrevendo a forma como a metodologia foi aplicada
para obter diferentes perspectivas e ideias para o projeto. São igualmente apresentados casos de
estudos de soluções de habitações, maioritariamente desse tipo, que consideramos particularmente
relevantes, analisando o seu design e percebendo a adequação das suas soluções formais,
construtivas e de usabilidade. Seguidamente, apresenta-se o design final da solução desenvolvida
que teve como fio condutor o redesign da “casa de Santana” adequando-a aos tempos atuais. São
apresentados desenhos, especificações construtivas das formas e dos materiais e protótipos 3D que
representam o design final. Finalmente, é apresentado o design da solução de pré-fabricação,
transporte e instalação desta habitação do tipo casa produto.
No capítulo 3 são feitas as conclusões sobre os resultados alcançados nesta investigação e
apresentadas as suas perspectivas futuras.
This dissertation focuses on the construction of a research project in the field of spatial design. Its main objective was to develop an in-depth exploration of traditional eco-efficient households in the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), with its main focus on the traditional Santana Houses, regarding the understanding of the relevance and appropriateness of these household designs for modern times. This type of dwelling, built by man since the beginning of time in this area, which are found described in “Arquitecturas Populares da Madeira” by Veiga de Oliveira (1994) and are characterized by the use of raw materials found in nature or in the cultivated fields, prompted the development of local building techniques with a high patrimonial and environmental value. The use of such materials, specific techniques and basic housing design of the A-frame type, were fundamental to the survival and prosperity of Madeira’s people in adverse weather conditions. In modern times, these structures are still a part of the identity and daily life of some resilient RAM communities. That’s why it's important to identify such shelters and understand their design, but most importantly, how they've been adapted to the present times by the population and how designers can recreate them efficiently. On another note, there has been a great search for this specific type of shelter, far away from urban centers and from large city agglomerations , having environmental and landscaping as its matter. This type of shelter is seen as ideal solutions for taking a break from our daily routines and as a way to enjoy recreation, new experiences and a sense of wellbeing. This trend has created new challenges for interior designers who, based on design thinking, create new domestic solutions with a high conceptual, social and sustainable value. Solutions that sometimes come from an intersection of design and anthropology, in a sense of adapting ancestral knowledge to the sustainability agenda. It’s the case of the Cultural Center Jean-Marie Tjibaou created by Renzo Piano in New Caledónia, in which some vernacular and ancestral techniques end up being used to make the structure more appropriate to the geographical, climatic and social conditions of its area. Furthermore, the development of new creative tools, such as parametric design, are now being used by designers to solve structural problems with the help of algorithms that generate more efficient geometric shapes and buildings. In this thesis, these issues are approached in three moments. The first chapter presents a study of the “Santana house”. The evolution of these housing through time and the decoding of its constructive language, providing its historical framework and also deepening on the subject of A-frame type of basic construction at RAM. At the same time, there is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of these types of housings that are currently used in the county of Santana. The second chapter consists of a layout of a spatial design project of an A-frame type of house developed through the previous analysis. Initially, some methodical aspects used in this research are presented, being centered on design thinking, describing this method in a way of how it was used to obtain different perspectives and ideas to the project. Likewise, several study cases are presented, mainly of that type, that I considered particularly relevant, analyzing its design and understanding its suitability of its formal, constructive and functional solutions. Immediately afterward, the final design proposal that takes as its “conductor” the redesign of a “Santana house” is presented, which is perfectly suited to the times we live in. Sketches, constructive specifications of the shapes and materials, as well as scale models, that layout the final design are presented. Finally, it presented the design of the pre-building, transport and installation of this housing in a house type of product. In the third chapter the conclusions of the outcome of the research is stated, the outputs of this work and future perspectives.
This dissertation focuses on the construction of a research project in the field of spatial design. Its main objective was to develop an in-depth exploration of traditional eco-efficient households in the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), with its main focus on the traditional Santana Houses, regarding the understanding of the relevance and appropriateness of these household designs for modern times. This type of dwelling, built by man since the beginning of time in this area, which are found described in “Arquitecturas Populares da Madeira” by Veiga de Oliveira (1994) and are characterized by the use of raw materials found in nature or in the cultivated fields, prompted the development of local building techniques with a high patrimonial and environmental value. The use of such materials, specific techniques and basic housing design of the A-frame type, were fundamental to the survival and prosperity of Madeira’s people in adverse weather conditions. In modern times, these structures are still a part of the identity and daily life of some resilient RAM communities. That’s why it's important to identify such shelters and understand their design, but most importantly, how they've been adapted to the present times by the population and how designers can recreate them efficiently. On another note, there has been a great search for this specific type of shelter, far away from urban centers and from large city agglomerations , having environmental and landscaping as its matter. This type of shelter is seen as ideal solutions for taking a break from our daily routines and as a way to enjoy recreation, new experiences and a sense of wellbeing. This trend has created new challenges for interior designers who, based on design thinking, create new domestic solutions with a high conceptual, social and sustainable value. Solutions that sometimes come from an intersection of design and anthropology, in a sense of adapting ancestral knowledge to the sustainability agenda. It’s the case of the Cultural Center Jean-Marie Tjibaou created by Renzo Piano in New Caledónia, in which some vernacular and ancestral techniques end up being used to make the structure more appropriate to the geographical, climatic and social conditions of its area. Furthermore, the development of new creative tools, such as parametric design, are now being used by designers to solve structural problems with the help of algorithms that generate more efficient geometric shapes and buildings. In this thesis, these issues are approached in three moments. The first chapter presents a study of the “Santana house”. The evolution of these housing through time and the decoding of its constructive language, providing its historical framework and also deepening on the subject of A-frame type of basic construction at RAM. At the same time, there is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of these types of housings that are currently used in the county of Santana. The second chapter consists of a layout of a spatial design project of an A-frame type of house developed through the previous analysis. Initially, some methodical aspects used in this research are presented, being centered on design thinking, describing this method in a way of how it was used to obtain different perspectives and ideas to the project. Likewise, several study cases are presented, mainly of that type, that I considered particularly relevant, analyzing its design and understanding its suitability of its formal, constructive and functional solutions. Immediately afterward, the final design proposal that takes as its “conductor” the redesign of a “Santana house” is presented, which is perfectly suited to the times we live in. Sketches, constructive specifications of the shapes and materials, as well as scale models, that layout the final design are presented. Finally, it presented the design of the pre-building, transport and installation of this housing in a house type of product. In the third chapter the conclusions of the outcome of the research is stated, the outputs of this work and future perspectives.
Description
Keywords
Design Antropologia Abrigo A-frame Casa de Santana - Ilha da Madeira Anthropology A-frame shelter Santana House- Madeira Island Design dos Espaços . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades