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Terrorism, Freshwater, and Environmental Pollution: Evidence of Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, and Pakistan
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nowadays, the world is facing many important problems, including terrorism, drinking water supply problems, and environmental pollution, which have strong impacts on the sustainable
development. In this paper, the cointegration between drinking water, terrorism, economic growth,
energy consumption, and environmental pollution was explored in Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq,
Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Repub lic, and Pakistan in the period of 2000–2020 by using the panel Fourier bootstrapping auto regressive
distributed lag (PFBARDL) test, and then the direction of causality between the selected variables was
determined. The PFBARDL test determined evidence of cointegration among the selected variables.
The causality test found evidence of unidirectional causality from terrorism to drinking water and
environmental pollution.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Causality Fourier Drinking water Panel Panel Fourier bootstrapping ARDL Sustainability Terrorism . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Bildirici, M.E.; Lousada, S.; Yılmaz Genç, S. Terrorism, Freshwater, and Environmental Pollution: Evidence of Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Iraq, Arab Republic of Egypt, Cameroon, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, and Pakistan. Water 2022, 14, 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172684
Editora
MDPI