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Utopia e distopia: testemunhar o mundo em Pepetela (estórias de cães, montanhas e predadores)
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Abstract(s)
A literatura angolana tem um importante papel de consciencialização e (re)construção nacional, explorando a busca pela unificação e afirmação das identidades de países outrora colónias, tanto no período colonial, como na pós-revolução. Como mecanismos de desconstrução, a ironia e a utopia/distopia atravessam o discurso histórico-cultural e literário em O Cão e os Caluandas (1985), A Montanha de Água Lilás: uma fábula para todas as idades (2000) e Predadores (2005), de Pepetela. Estas obras repensam a complexidade da realidade pós-colonial em Angola sob o signo da relação e do percurso de utopia/distopia/utopia.
Os romances pepetelianos desempenham um papel fulcral na asseveração da literatura angolana e na busca pela angolanidade. Através da reflexão sobre os ‘nãoditos’ da História oficial, Pepetela alegoriza a desconstrução do herói e a (des)crença das utopias fracassadas através da poética do desencanto irónico e subversivo. Podem reconhecer-se várias dinâmicas na escrita pepeteliana que se alicerçam na reescrita da História e no papel reflexivo do leitor perante uma sociedade ficcionada que pode ser real. Assim, perspetiva-se uma vertente autorreflexiva do passado e do presente que a própria literatura promove.
É no sentido da consideração destes aspetos que esta dissertação se direciona, partindo da definição e do estudo da utopia, distopia e os mecanismos da ironia, passando pela inter-relação entre o real e a ficção. Nesse sentido, procede-se à análise dos retratos pepetelianos desapiedados, relativamente à utopia socialista e à deceção perante a decadência dos heróis-ícaros da revolução. Estas personagens simbolizam a distopia, marcando negativamente o período pós-independência.
Finalmente, será fulcral estudar Pepetela como um crítico social e humanista, ‘ainda’ crente na Humanidade, que constrói utopias-esperanças a partir de distopias, subsidiando o real com recurso à literatura como instrumento de intervenção.
The Angolan literature has an important role in national awareness and (re)construction, exploring the quest for unification and affirmation of countries formerly colonies during colonial and post-revolution periods. Used as deconstruction mechanisms, irony and utopia/dystopia permeate the cultural-historical and literary speech in O Cão e os Caluandas (1985), A Montanha de Água Lilás: uma fábula para todas as idades (2000) and Predadores (2005), by Pepetela. These narratives consider the complexity of postcolonial reality in Angola under the sign of the relationship and the journey of utopia/dystopia/utopia. The Pepetelian novels play a crucial role in making a statement of Angolan literature and Angolanity search of identity. Choosing an attitude of reflection about the 'unspoken' official History, Pepetela allegorizes the deconstruction of the hero and the (dis)belief of failed utopias through the poetics of subversive and ironic disenchantment. There are several lines of thought and dynamics in Pepetelian narratives which have its basis in the rewriting of History and in the reflective role of the reader in considering the fictional world as a portrait of its own reality. Thus, it is expected an attitude of selfreflection about the past and present that the literature itself promotes. It is towards the consideration of these aspects that this thesis is directed, starting with the definition and study of utopia, dystopia and mechanisms of irony, and passing by the inter-relationship between reality and fiction. As a result, there shall be an analysis of the merciless Pepetelian portraits, regarding the socialist utopia and disappointment. For this study, it is considered essential to analyze the postrevolutionary political ideology and its frustration, since the author rewrites History showing the decay of the Icarus type of heroes. These characters symbolize the dystopia, portraying negatively the post-independence period. Finally, it is crucial to study Pepetela as a social critic and humanist, one who still believes in Humanity and builds utopian-hopes from dystopias, subsidizing the reality using literature as an instrument of intervention.
The Angolan literature has an important role in national awareness and (re)construction, exploring the quest for unification and affirmation of countries formerly colonies during colonial and post-revolution periods. Used as deconstruction mechanisms, irony and utopia/dystopia permeate the cultural-historical and literary speech in O Cão e os Caluandas (1985), A Montanha de Água Lilás: uma fábula para todas as idades (2000) and Predadores (2005), by Pepetela. These narratives consider the complexity of postcolonial reality in Angola under the sign of the relationship and the journey of utopia/dystopia/utopia. The Pepetelian novels play a crucial role in making a statement of Angolan literature and Angolanity search of identity. Choosing an attitude of reflection about the 'unspoken' official History, Pepetela allegorizes the deconstruction of the hero and the (dis)belief of failed utopias through the poetics of subversive and ironic disenchantment. There are several lines of thought and dynamics in Pepetelian narratives which have its basis in the rewriting of History and in the reflective role of the reader in considering the fictional world as a portrait of its own reality. Thus, it is expected an attitude of selfreflection about the past and present that the literature itself promotes. It is towards the consideration of these aspects that this thesis is directed, starting with the definition and study of utopia, dystopia and mechanisms of irony, and passing by the inter-relationship between reality and fiction. As a result, there shall be an analysis of the merciless Pepetelian portraits, regarding the socialist utopia and disappointment. For this study, it is considered essential to analyze the postrevolutionary political ideology and its frustration, since the author rewrites History showing the decay of the Icarus type of heroes. These characters symbolize the dystopia, portraying negatively the post-independence period. Finally, it is crucial to study Pepetela as a social critic and humanist, one who still believes in Humanity and builds utopian-hopes from dystopias, subsidizing the reality using literature as an instrument of intervention.
Description
Keywords
Utopia Distopia Ironia História Ficção Heroicidade Dystopia Irony History Fiction Heroism Estudos Linguísticos e Culturais . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades