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Tratamento de águas residuais: uma visão geral da pesquisa através da análise bibliométrica
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Abstract(s)
O acesso à água potável e ao saneamento de águas residuais ainda é limitado ou inexistente para
milhões de pessoas. Grande percentagem das águas residuais regressa à natureza sem o tratamento
adequado e sem o necessário aproveitamento para reutilização. Os efluentes industriais são, cada vez
mais, caraterizados por contaminantes recalcitrantes, com maior grau de complexidade, o que dificulta
a sua remoção. Isto exige da comunidade académica, empresas e estado o investimento em tecnologias
de tratamento de águas residuais ou alternativas com menores custos, mais eficientes e que porventura
promovam a economia circular, principalmente dos países em desenvolvimento.
Para tal, tentou-se, ao longo desta dissertação, apresentar o estado atual sobre o tratamento de
águas residuais através de uma análise bibliométrica para uma visão geral da literatura. A metodologia
adotada, foi a de selecionar a amostra na Web of Science e restringir os parâmetros de pesquisa com o
intuito de retirar o material irrelevante. Aplicando vários critérios, obteve-se as amostras finais sobre o
tema do tratamento de águas residuais e sobre os temas adicionais do tratamento por cloração e por
ultravioleta.
Com as amostras recolhidas, foi possível analisar graficamente e descritivamente a evolução
anual, os tipos de publicação, as áreas de estudo e os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável onde
se inserem, os países e as instituições originárias, as palavras-chave, as citações e os autores, além das
principais revistas onde foram publicados os documentos sobre o tema principal do tratamento de águas
residuais. Também se procedeu à análise adicional sobre o tema do tratamento por cloração e por
ultravioleta, destinado à reutilização, analisando a evolução anual das publicações e os países de onde
advêm, além das palavras-chave e da colaboração internacional.
A revisão da literatura tomou a forma de uma visão geral da literatura, incidindo sobre os tópicos
da absorção, eletrocoagulação, floculação e hidrodecloração, relativamente ao tratamento de águas
residuais e sobre os temas adicionais do tratamento por cloração e por ultravioleta. Nesse capítulo
apresentam-se os artigos de forma narrativa, identificando as suas características principais.
Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões do trabalho, constatando um aumento do interesse da
comunidade académica nos temas analisados, sendo a China o país mais prolífero em número de
publicações. Comprovou-se que o sentido da pesquisa se orienta na adaptação dos recursos disponíveis
na natureza, na sua forma original ou como resíduos da ação humana, às tecnologias já existentes, além
do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que garantam a qualidade da água, a saúde pública e o meio
ambiente, e da transposição dos estudos laboratoriais para a sua aplicação na realidade. Como
desenvolvimentos futuros identificam-se estudos na temática analisada.
Access to potable water and wastewater sanitation remains limited or nonexistent for millions of people. A large percentage of wastewater returns to nature without adequate treatment and without the necessary reuse. Industrial effluents are increasingly characterized by recalcitrant contaminants with a higher degree of complexity, making their removal difficult. This demands investment from the academic community, companies, and governments in wastewater treatment technologies or alternatives with lower costs, higher efficiency, and the potential to promote a circular economy, especially in developing countries. To this end, this dissertation aimed to present the current state of wastewater treatment through a bibliometric analysis and a literature overview. The adopted methodology was selecting the sample from the Web of Science and restricting the research parameters in order to remove irrelevant material. By applying various criteria, the final samples were obtained on the topic of wastewater treatment and on the additional topics of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment. The collected samples allowed for a graphical and descriptive analysis of the annual evolution, publication types, areas of study, and the Sustainable Development Goals in which they are included, as well as the countries and institutions of origin, keywords, citations, authors, and the main journals where documents on the main topic of wastewater treatment were published. An additional analysis was also conducted on the topic of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment for reuse, analyzing the annual evolution of publications and the countries of origin, as well as keywords and international collaboration. The literature review took the form of a literature overview, focusing on the topics of absorption, electrocoagulation, flocculation, and hydrodechlorination, in relation to wastewater treatment, and on the additional topics of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment. That chapter presents the articles, in a narrative way, identifying their main characteristics. Finally, the conclusions of the work are presented, revealing an increased interest of the academic community in the analyzed topics, with China being the most prolific country in publications. It has been proven that the research focus evolves towards adapting the resources available in nature, in their original form or as residues of human action, to existing technologies, as well as developing new technologies that guarantee water quality, public health, and environmental protection, and moving beyond laboratory studies to real-world application. Possible future developments are proposed identifying studies on the analyzed topic.
Access to potable water and wastewater sanitation remains limited or nonexistent for millions of people. A large percentage of wastewater returns to nature without adequate treatment and without the necessary reuse. Industrial effluents are increasingly characterized by recalcitrant contaminants with a higher degree of complexity, making their removal difficult. This demands investment from the academic community, companies, and governments in wastewater treatment technologies or alternatives with lower costs, higher efficiency, and the potential to promote a circular economy, especially in developing countries. To this end, this dissertation aimed to present the current state of wastewater treatment through a bibliometric analysis and a literature overview. The adopted methodology was selecting the sample from the Web of Science and restricting the research parameters in order to remove irrelevant material. By applying various criteria, the final samples were obtained on the topic of wastewater treatment and on the additional topics of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment. The collected samples allowed for a graphical and descriptive analysis of the annual evolution, publication types, areas of study, and the Sustainable Development Goals in which they are included, as well as the countries and institutions of origin, keywords, citations, authors, and the main journals where documents on the main topic of wastewater treatment were published. An additional analysis was also conducted on the topic of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment for reuse, analyzing the annual evolution of publications and the countries of origin, as well as keywords and international collaboration. The literature review took the form of a literature overview, focusing on the topics of absorption, electrocoagulation, flocculation, and hydrodechlorination, in relation to wastewater treatment, and on the additional topics of chlorination and ultraviolet treatment. That chapter presents the articles, in a narrative way, identifying their main characteristics. Finally, the conclusions of the work are presented, revealing an increased interest of the academic community in the analyzed topics, with China being the most prolific country in publications. It has been proven that the research focus evolves towards adapting the resources available in nature, in their original form or as residues of human action, to existing technologies, as well as developing new technologies that guarantee water quality, public health, and environmental protection, and moving beyond laboratory studies to real-world application. Possible future developments are proposed identifying studies on the analyzed topic.
Description
Keywords
Águas residuais Análise bibliométrica Desinfeção da água Drenagem Tratamento de águas residuais Visão geral da literatura Sewage wastewaters Bibliometric analysis Water disinfection Drainage Wastewater treatment Literature overview Engenharia Civil . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia