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Publication
An approach of the Madeira wine chemistry
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Madeira wine is a fortified Portuguese wine, which has a crucial impact on the Madeira
Island economy. The particular properties of Madeira wine result from the unique and specific
winemaking and ageing processes that promote the occurrence of chemical reactions among
acids, sugars, alcohols, and polyphenols, which are important to the extraordinary quality of
the wine. These chemical reactions contribute to the appearance of novel compounds and/or the
transformation of others, consequently promoting changes in qualitative and quantitative volatile
and non-volatile composition. The current review comprises an overview of Madeira wines related
to volatile (e.g., terpenes, norisoprenoids, alcohols, esters, fatty acids) and non-volatile composition
(e.g., polyphenols, organic acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, and metals). Moreover, types of
aroma compounds, the contribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the overall Madeira
wine aroma, the change of their content during the ageing process, as well as the establishment
of the potential ageing markers will also be reviewed. The viability of several analytical methods
(e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two-dimensional gas chromatography and
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS)) combined with chemometrics tools (e.g., partial
least squares regression (PLS-R), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was investigated
to establish potential ageing markers to guarantee the Madeira wine authenticity. Acetals, furanic
compounds, and lactones are the chemical families most commonly related with the ageing process.
Description
Keywords
Madeira wines Aroma Volatile composition Ageing markers Non-volatile composition . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia Centro de Química da Madeira
Citation
Perestrelo, R., Silva, C., Gonçalves, C., Castillo, M., & Câmara, J. S. (2020). An approach of the Madeira wine chemistry. Beverages, 6(1), 12.
Publisher
MDPI