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Dificuldades no funcionamento intelectual, interesses vocacionais e perceção de barreiras à carreira: um estudo com jovens do ensino básico e secundário da Madeira
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Abstract(s)
O papel dos interesses vocacionais e das perceções de barreiras à carreira, no quadro do
desenvolvimento vocacional, tem vindo a ser muito estudado. No entanto, são escassos os
estudos neste domínio com adolescentes com necessidades educativas especiais (NEE),
nomeadamente dificuldades ao nível do funcionamento intelectual (DFI). Neste trabalho,
apresenta-se uma investigação, composta por três estudos de natureza quantitativa, que teve
como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão dos interesses vocacionais e das perceções de
barreiras à carreira nos estudantes com DFI. Para a realização do trabalho empírico, estudou-se
uma amostra de 120 jovens (76 do sexo masculino, correspondendo a cerca de 63% da amostra),
dos quais 54 possuíam o diagnóstico de DFI, residentes na Ilha da Madeira, do ensino básico e
secundário e com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 22 anos (MIdade = 15; DP = 1). Para a
realização desta investigação foram utilizados três instrumentos de recolha de dados. De modo a
realizar a avaliação dos interesses vocacionais foi utilizado o inventário de Interesses e
Exploração Auto-Dirigida (SDS), na versão portuguesa, que é um inventário de autorrelato que
avalia os interesses vocacionais dos jovens através das atividades, competências, carreiras e
capacidades que os mesmos consideram ter ou preferir. Na avaliação das perceções de barreiras à
carreira foi utilizado o Inventário de Perceções de Barreiras da Carreira (IPBC), um inventário de
autorrelato que avalia a perceção de barreiras atuais e futuras relativas ao desenvolvimento da
carreira, podendo estas surgir em diferentes momentos e contextos. Também foi utilizado um
questionário sociodemográfico e escolar, através do qual se procurou recolher informações tais
como sexo, idade, ano de escolaridade, inscrição na educação especial. A análise dos dados
revelou diferenças nos interesses vocacionais entre os jovens sem DFI e com DFI, tendo
revelado, por outro lado, que os alunos com DFI tendem a perceber menos barreiras à carreira que o dos alunos sem DFI. Foi, também, possível verificar que o sexo dos estudantes é um
determinante no tipo de interesses que estes apresentam (o sexo feminino apresenta mais
interesses do tipo Social e Artístico enquanto o sexo masculino do tipo Realista e
Empreendedor), mas não nas barreiras percecionadas, sendo que a idade não produz nenhum tipo
de influência sobre aquelas dimensões. Os resultados deste estudo e as suas implicações foram
discutidas tendo em conta o papel das DFI no desenvolvimento vocacional, procurando-se
enquadrar os resultados na literatura, sobretudo aqueles distintos dos que têm vindo a ser
encontrados, de modo a que se pudesse contribuir, para o avanço da investigação nesta área.
The role of vocational interests and career barriers perceptions, within the framework of vocational development, has been considered in several studies. However, there are few studies regarding students with educational special needs, namely intellectual functioning difficulties. In this study we present three quantitative studies, which intended to contribute for the understanding of the vocational interests and career barrier perceptions of students presenting intellectual functioning difficulties. The sample consisted of 120 students (76 male, accounting for about 63% of the sample), of which 54 were diagnosed with intellectual functioning difficulties. The students were residing on Madeira Island, Portugal, and their ages ranged between 14 and 22 years old (MAge = 15; SD = 1). We used three instruments of data collection. For the evaluation of vocational interests we used the Self-Directed Search (SDS), in the Portuguese version, which is a self-report inventory that evaluates the vocational interests of the adolescents, represented by the activities, competences, careers and capabilities that they think they have or that they prefer. For the evaluation of career barriers perceptions we used the Career Barriers Perceptions Inventory, a self-report inventory that evaluates the actual and future barriers in career development that can arise in different moments and contexts. We also used a socio-demographic and academic inventory aiming to collect information like sex, age, school level, and enrollment in special education. The results show differences in the vocational interests of students presenting and not presenting intellectual functioning difficulties; moreover, students presenting intellectual difficulties tended to perceive less career barriers than students without this diagnosis. It was also possible to verify that students’ sex influences the type of interests they have (for instance, females exhibited higher scores in Artistic and Social interests, while males exhibited higher levels of Realistic and Entrepreneur interests) but not in the barriers perceived. Students’ age did not produce any influence on these dimensions. The results of this investigation and their implications were discussed taking into account the role of intellectual functioning difficulties in vocational development; they were also compared with the existing results in the literature, especially those different of what have been found presently, so that a contribute to the advancement of research in this area could be provided.
The role of vocational interests and career barriers perceptions, within the framework of vocational development, has been considered in several studies. However, there are few studies regarding students with educational special needs, namely intellectual functioning difficulties. In this study we present three quantitative studies, which intended to contribute for the understanding of the vocational interests and career barrier perceptions of students presenting intellectual functioning difficulties. The sample consisted of 120 students (76 male, accounting for about 63% of the sample), of which 54 were diagnosed with intellectual functioning difficulties. The students were residing on Madeira Island, Portugal, and their ages ranged between 14 and 22 years old (MAge = 15; SD = 1). We used three instruments of data collection. For the evaluation of vocational interests we used the Self-Directed Search (SDS), in the Portuguese version, which is a self-report inventory that evaluates the vocational interests of the adolescents, represented by the activities, competences, careers and capabilities that they think they have or that they prefer. For the evaluation of career barriers perceptions we used the Career Barriers Perceptions Inventory, a self-report inventory that evaluates the actual and future barriers in career development that can arise in different moments and contexts. We also used a socio-demographic and academic inventory aiming to collect information like sex, age, school level, and enrollment in special education. The results show differences in the vocational interests of students presenting and not presenting intellectual functioning difficulties; moreover, students presenting intellectual difficulties tended to perceive less career barriers than students without this diagnosis. It was also possible to verify that students’ sex influences the type of interests they have (for instance, females exhibited higher scores in Artistic and Social interests, while males exhibited higher levels of Realistic and Entrepreneur interests) but not in the barriers perceived. Students’ age did not produce any influence on these dimensions. The results of this investigation and their implications were discussed taking into account the role of intellectual functioning difficulties in vocational development; they were also compared with the existing results in the literature, especially those different of what have been found presently, so that a contribute to the advancement of research in this area could be provided.
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Keywords
Interesses vocacionais Perceções de barreiras à carreira Necessidades educativas especiais Dificuldades no funcionamento intelectual Adolescentes Vocational interests Career barriers perceptions Special needs education Intellectual functioning difficulties Adolescents Psicologia da Educação . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades