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Review of sewage sludge as a soil amendment in relation to current international guidelines: a heavy metal perspective

2021Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorNunes, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorRagonezi, Carla
dc.contributor.authorGouveia, Carla S. S.
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-27T14:01:24Z
dc.date.available2021-09-27T14:01:24Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractOverexploitation of resources makes the reutilization of waste a focal topic of modern society, and the question of the kind of wastes that can be used is continuously raised. Sewage sludge (SS) is derived from the wastewater treatment plants, considered important underused biomass, and can be used as a biofertilizer when properly stabilized due to the high content of inorganic matter, nitrate, and phosphorus. However, a wide range of pollutants can be present in these biosolids, limiting or prohibiting their use as biofertilizer, depending on the type and origin of industrial waste and household products. Long-term applications of these biosolids could substantially increase the concentration of contaminants, causing detrimental effects on the environment and induce hyper accumulation or phytotoxicity in the produced crops. In this work, some critical parameters for soils and SS agronomic use, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), and heavy metals concentration have been reviewed. Several cases of food crop production and the accumulation of heavy metals after SS application are also discussed. SS production, usage, and legis lation in EU are assessed to determine the possibility of sustainable management of this bioresource. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines are addressed. The opportunity to produce bioenergy crops, employing sewage sludge to enhance degraded land, is also considered, due to energy security. Although there are numerous advantages of sewage sludge, proper screening for heavy metals in all the variants (biosolids, soil, food products) is a must. SS application requires appropriate strict guidelines with appropriate regulatory oversight to control contamination of agricultural soils.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationNunes, N., Ragonezi, C., Gouveia, C. S., & Carvalho, M. Â. P. (2021). Review of sewage sludge as a soil amendment in relation to current international guidelines: a heavy metal perspective. Sustainability, 13(4), 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042317pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su13042317pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/3667
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences
dc.relationCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectBy-productspt_PT
dc.subjectBiosolidspt_PT
dc.subjectOrganic compoundspt_PT
dc.subjectCircular economypt_PT
dc.subjectTotal lifecycle assessmentpt_PT
dc.subjectBiomass effectpt_PT
dc.subject.pt_PT
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciências da Vidapt_PT
dc.titleReview of sewage sludge as a soil amendment in relation to current international guidelines: a heavy metal perspectivept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04033%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04033%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue4pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage2317pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleSustainabilitypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameNunes
person.familyNameRagonezi
person.familyNameGouveia
person.familyNameAlmeida Pinheiro de Carvalho
person.givenNameNuno
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameMiguel Angelo
person.identifier1218558
person.identifier.ciencia-idD412-34DB-BB84
person.identifier.ciencia-idFC12-D3F0-EF3D
person.identifier.ciencia-idAE1B-9773-68A8
person.identifier.ciencia-id4610-6741-6816
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6166-8045
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1822-5473
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9309-4613
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5084-870X
person.identifier.ridAAH-9928-2020
person.identifier.ridAEE-0913-2022
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36460033800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55554091900
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8758577600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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