| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 539.21 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Segundo alguns autores (Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), um dos aspetos fascinantes no desporto é o comportamento decisional do atleta nos seus variados níveis de perícia. A explicação da tomada de decisão tem sido feita sobretudo com base na teoria do processamento de informação de Claude Shannon e Warren Weaver (1949 in Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), teoria esta condizente com o funcionamento de sistemas informáticos e não com o comportamento humano. Nesta sequência, estabeleceu-se como principal objetivo deste estudo efetuar uma revisão de literatura sobre a relevância da tomada de decisão na performance humana. A metodologia utilizada para realizar esta revisão, foi analisar vários artigos científicos e documentos produzidos pelos investigadores sobre a tomada de decisão no desporto, inclusive no basquetebol utilizando o motor de busca da Web of Science. Em termos de resultados, verificou-se que conceitos e ideias da teoria da perceção direta em psicologia ecológica de James J. Gibson foram aplicadas a estudos de como a perceção e a ação regulam o desempenho desportivo. Alguns autores (Araújo & David, 2009) analisaram a influência de diferentes correntes de pensamento em psicologia ecológica para estudar a cognição e a ação nos diversos contextos comportamentais de desporto e exercício. Para outros investigadores (Balague et al., 2013) a abordagem aos sistemas complexos oferece uma oportunidade para substituir a visão mecanicista pré-dominante existente sobre fenómenos relacionados com o desporto. Estes autores referem ainda que a ênfase na relação ambientesistema, as aplicações de princípios de complexidade, e o uso de ferramentas matemáticas dinâmicas não lineares propõem uma mudança profunda na ciência do desporto. Concluiu-se ainda que a coordenação dinâmica, dinâmica ecológica e abordagens de grupos têm sido aplicadas com sucesso no estudo de comportamentos relacionados com desportos diferentes, a partir de padrões de movimentos que emergem em escalas diferentes através de contextos de desportos específicos para a dinâmica do jogo. Embora, segundo alguns estudos, pouca atenção tenha sido dada para analisar as consequências da crença na tomada de decisão de treinadores e jogadores de basquete, nas últimas três décadas, a investigação sobre a Mão Quente (MQ) foi essencialmente direcionada para a questão de saber se a crença da MQ poderia ser apoiada estatisticamente, tendo Aharoni e Sarig (2012) analisado toda a época 2004/05 da NBA, e virem a afirmar que os seus resultados eram consistentes com a MQ, sendo este um fenómeno efetivamente real. No entanto e, de acordo com Balague et al. (2013), alguns desafios para o futuro estão em investigar a influência dos principais parâmetros de controlo no comportamento não-linear dos sistemas atleta-ambiente e do possível parentesco entre as dinâmicas e as restrições que atuam em diferentes escalas espaçotemporais em desportos de equipa. Estes autores revelam que, modelando os fenómenos relacionados com o desporto pode dar contributos úteis para uma melhor compreensão de sistemas complexos e vice-versa.
According to some authors (Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), one of the fascinating aspects in sport is the athlete's decisional behavior in its varied levels of expertise. The explanation of decision-making has been made mainly on the basis of the information processing theory of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949 in Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), a theory that is consistent with the functioning of computer systems and not with behavior human. In this sequence, it was established as the main objective of this study to carry out a literature review on the relevance of decision-making in human performance. The methodology used to perform this review was to analyze several scientific articles and documents produced by the researchers on decision making in sports, including in basketball using the Web of Science search engine. In terms of results, it was found that concepts and ideas from the theory of direct perception in ecological psychology by James J. Gibson were applied to studies of how perception and action regulate sports performance. Some authors (Araújo & David, 2009) have analyzed the influence of different currents of thought in ecological psychology to study cognition and action in the various behavioral contexts of sport and exercise. For other researchers (Balague et al., 2013) the approach to complex systems offers an opportunity to replace the existing pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena. These authors also point out that the emphasis on the environment-system relationship, the applications of principles of complexity, and the use of dynamic nonlinear mathematical tools propose a profound change in the science of sport. It was also concluded that dynamic coordination, ecological dynamics and group approaches have been successfully applied in the study of behaviors related to different sports, from patterns of movements that emerge at different scales through specific sports contexts for the dynamics of the game. Although, according to some studies, little attention has been given to analyzing the consequences of belief in the decision-making of coaches and basketball players over the past three decades, the Hot Hand (HH) investigation was essentially geared to the question of knowing If HH's belief could be statistically supported, with Aharoni and Sarig (2012) reviewing the entire 2004/05 NBA season, and claiming that their results were consistent with HH, which is a truly real phenomenon. However, according to Balague et al. (2013), some challenges for the future are to investigate the influence of the main control parameters on the non-linear behavior of the athlete-environment systems and the possible relationship between the dynamics and the constraints that act on different spatio-temporal scales in sports team. These authors reveal that by modeling sport-related phenomena can provide useful input for a better understanding of complex systems and vice versa.
According to some authors (Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), one of the fascinating aspects in sport is the athlete's decisional behavior in its varied levels of expertise. The explanation of decision-making has been made mainly on the basis of the information processing theory of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949 in Araújo, Passos & Esteves, 2011), a theory that is consistent with the functioning of computer systems and not with behavior human. In this sequence, it was established as the main objective of this study to carry out a literature review on the relevance of decision-making in human performance. The methodology used to perform this review was to analyze several scientific articles and documents produced by the researchers on decision making in sports, including in basketball using the Web of Science search engine. In terms of results, it was found that concepts and ideas from the theory of direct perception in ecological psychology by James J. Gibson were applied to studies of how perception and action regulate sports performance. Some authors (Araújo & David, 2009) have analyzed the influence of different currents of thought in ecological psychology to study cognition and action in the various behavioral contexts of sport and exercise. For other researchers (Balague et al., 2013) the approach to complex systems offers an opportunity to replace the existing pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena. These authors also point out that the emphasis on the environment-system relationship, the applications of principles of complexity, and the use of dynamic nonlinear mathematical tools propose a profound change in the science of sport. It was also concluded that dynamic coordination, ecological dynamics and group approaches have been successfully applied in the study of behaviors related to different sports, from patterns of movements that emerge at different scales through specific sports contexts for the dynamics of the game. Although, according to some studies, little attention has been given to analyzing the consequences of belief in the decision-making of coaches and basketball players over the past three decades, the Hot Hand (HH) investigation was essentially geared to the question of knowing If HH's belief could be statistically supported, with Aharoni and Sarig (2012) reviewing the entire 2004/05 NBA season, and claiming that their results were consistent with HH, which is a truly real phenomenon. However, according to Balague et al. (2013), some challenges for the future are to investigate the influence of the main control parameters on the non-linear behavior of the athlete-environment systems and the possible relationship between the dynamics and the constraints that act on different spatio-temporal scales in sports team. These authors reveal that by modeling sport-related phenomena can provide useful input for a better understanding of complex systems and vice versa.
Description
Keywords
Affordances Coaching Hotness Streaks Decision-making in sports Ecological sport Context of decision Tomada de decisão no desporto Treino Contexto da decisão . Faculdade de Ciências Sociais
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Madeira