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Controlo por orientação de campo de um motor de indução para aplicação automotiva
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente existe uma preocupação crescente com a poluição atmosférica,
nomeadamente a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Existe ainda uma crescente
preocupação com a utilização de combustíveis fósseis para a locomoção, combustíveis
esses provenientes de uma fonte limitada e não renovável. Assim sendo, é cada vez mais
importante procurar alternativas à utilização de veículos movidos a combustíveis fósseis.
Neste trabalho, procurou-se desenvolver um protótipo de um carro elétrico,
utilizando uma máquina assíncrona juntamente com a técnica de controlo por orientação
de campo do rotor, de modo a controlar o binário da máquina e, dessa forma, controlar a
velocidade do carro.
Em conjunto com a máquina assíncrona, utilizou-se um conversor trifásico
bidirecional, o qual foi controlado através de modulação por largura de impulso (PWM),
permitindo não só fornecer energia à máquina assíncrona a partir de uma bateria DC,
como também receber energia da máquina assíncrona quando esta opera como gerador,
travando assim o carro.
De modo a controlar a máquina assíncrona, implementou-se controladores PI
(Proporcional-Integral) para controlar as correntes direta e em quadratura, assim como
controlar o binário e o fluxo da máquina. Também foi implementado um controlador PI
para controlar a velocidade de rotação da máquina, permitindo assim a realização de
testes em laboratório.
O desempenho da máquina assíncrona, sendo controlada através de orientação de
campo do rotor, foi simulado na plataforma MATLAB/Simulink, onde foi analisado o
comportamento do motor e do carro, para situações de subida, descida e plano.
Por fim, implementou-se o controlo do motor na prática, onde foi possível
comprovar os resultados obtidos através das simulações, tendo sido possível verificar a
viabilidade da utilização de uma máquina assíncrona em conjunto com a técnica de
controlo por orientação de campo do rotor para propulsionar um carro.
Nowadays there is a rising concern about atmospheric pollution, in particular the emissions of greenhouse gases. It also exists a rising concern regarding the usage of fossil fuels as an energy source for locomotion. This kind of energy source came from a source that is limited and not renewable. With that in mind, it’s increasingly important to search for alternatives for fossil fuel vehicles. In this work, it was develop a prototype of an electric car using an asynchronous machine controlled by a rotor field oriented control technique in such a way that made possible to control the torque of the machine, therefore controlling the speed of the vehicle. Together with the asynchronous machine it was used a 3-phase bidirectional converter, which was controlled by a pulse with modulation (PWM) technique, allowing not only the supply of power to the electric machine but also charge the battery with the power produced by the machine when it’s working as a generator, slowing the car down. In order to control the asynchronous machine, it was implemented several PI (Proportional-Integrator) controllers so that the currents were controlled, as well as the torque and flux of the machine. It was also implemented a PI controller to control the speed of the machine. The performance of the asynchronous machine being controller by the rotor field oriented control was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, where it was analyzed the behavior of the motor as well as the behavior of the car while going up, down and flat. Lastly, it was implemented the machine control in practice, where it was possible to verify the results obtained during simulations. It was also possible to verify the viability of an asynchronous machine with rotor field oriented control to power a car.
Nowadays there is a rising concern about atmospheric pollution, in particular the emissions of greenhouse gases. It also exists a rising concern regarding the usage of fossil fuels as an energy source for locomotion. This kind of energy source came from a source that is limited and not renewable. With that in mind, it’s increasingly important to search for alternatives for fossil fuel vehicles. In this work, it was develop a prototype of an electric car using an asynchronous machine controlled by a rotor field oriented control technique in such a way that made possible to control the torque of the machine, therefore controlling the speed of the vehicle. Together with the asynchronous machine it was used a 3-phase bidirectional converter, which was controlled by a pulse with modulation (PWM) technique, allowing not only the supply of power to the electric machine but also charge the battery with the power produced by the machine when it’s working as a generator, slowing the car down. In order to control the asynchronous machine, it was implemented several PI (Proportional-Integrator) controllers so that the currents were controlled, as well as the torque and flux of the machine. It was also implemented a PI controller to control the speed of the machine. The performance of the asynchronous machine being controller by the rotor field oriented control was simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, where it was analyzed the behavior of the motor as well as the behavior of the car while going up, down and flat. Lastly, it was implemented the machine control in practice, where it was possible to verify the results obtained during simulations. It was also possible to verify the viability of an asynchronous machine with rotor field oriented control to power a car.
Description
Keywords
Controlo por orientação de campo Controlo de binario de maquinas assincronas Conversor bidirecional trifásico Modulação por largura de impulso Carro elétrico Field oriented control Asynchronous machines torque control 3-phase bidirectional control Pulse width modulation Electric car Engenharia Eletrotécnica - Telecomunicações . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia