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- The efficacy of a multicomponent functional fitness program based on exergaming on cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trialPublication . Gouveia, Élvio R.; Smailagic, Asim; Ihle, Andreas; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Bruna R.; Cameirão, Mónica; Sousa, Honoratoé Santos Correia de; Kliegel, Matthias; Siewiorek, DanielBackground and Objectives: Regular physical exercise can attenuate age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a physical exercise multicomponent training based on exergames on cognitive functioning (CF) in older adults. Research Design and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included older adults aged 61–78. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n = 15) or active control group (CG; n = 16). The IG was exposed to a combined training with traditional exercise and exergaming, twice a week over a period of 12 weeks. The CG performed only traditional sessions. CF was assessed by the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument. The time points for assessment were at zero (pretest), 12 (posttest), and 17 weeks (follow-up). Results: Active CG and IG increased from pretest to posttest in short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), and Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument total score 1.98 > Z < 3.00, ps < .005, with moderately large positive effects (.36 > r < .54). A significant increase was seen from posttest to follow-up in STM, Z = 2.74, p = .006, and LTM, Z = 2.31, p < .021, only in IG. Across the two time periods posttest to follow-up, there were significant interaction effects between program type and time for STM (p = .022, η2 p = .17) and LTM (p = .004, η2 p = .25), demonstrating a more beneficial effect of the exergames intervention compared to the CG. Discussion and Implications: The integration of exergaming in a multicomponent functional fitness exercise might have the potential to maintain and improve CF (in particular, STM and LTM) in older adults.
- Effects of changing the head coach on soccer team’s performance: a systematic reviewPublication . Sousa, H.; Clemente, F. M.; Gouveia, E. R.; Field, Adam; Sarmento, H.Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effects of changing the soccer head coach on the overall team’s performance, locomotor demands of players, technical/tactical responses of players, and psychological responses of players. Eligibility criteria: P: Among professional soccer players what is the effect of head-coach replacement; E: Exposure to the change of the head-coach; C: Last weeks of the fired head coach compared with the first weeks of the new head-coach; O: locomotor performance, sports results, mental health metrics. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) articles written in English; (2) carried out in professional football teams. Studies will be excluded if: (1) written in another language other than the one selected; (2) in the case of theses, books and non scientific articles.
- School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Santos, Francisco; Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Lopes, Helder; Peralta, Miguel; Martins, João; Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia; Zurek, Grzegorz; Marques, AdilsonObjective: This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths’ physical activity. Data source: The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Study inclusion criteria: Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. Data extraction: The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. Data synthesis: Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. Results: Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi component approach. Conclusions: Most interventions employed a school’s multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth’s physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention’s characteristics and the disparity in the results’ efficacy.
- Avaliação nos jogos desportivos coletivosPublication . Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio
- The effect of balanced versus unbalanced football small-sided games on decision-making in youth football playersPublication . Ihle, Andreas; Lopes, Helder; Sarmento, Hugo; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Sousa, Honorato JoséDecision-making (DM) is an important ability targeted in the formation of young football players that can improve by using small-sided games (SSGs). The main purpose of this study was to assess players’ DM in different balanced and unbalanced SSG formats keeping the play area constant. The sample was composed of 10 field players plus 2 goalkeepers (13.55±0.51 years). This study consisted of 3 sessions, one day for each session, with an interval of 48 hours apart between sessions. Three different SSG formats (4vs.4; 4vs.5; 4vs.6), in a play area of 40x30 meters, were selected. The outcome was the decision-making index (DMI), assessed with the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Results showed that on two of the three days, there were statistical differences in DMI across the three different SSG formats. In the 4vs.6 format a higher median score than in the 4vs.4 format was recorded on day 2 (U=13.0, z=-2.34, p=.025, r=.57) and day 3 (U=5.50, z=-2.98, p=.003, r=.72). In conclusion, the use of unbalanced SSG formats in the training may benefit DM development, and therefore may constitute an important factor to be considered in the formation of young football players.
- Relatório de estágio realizado na Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves ZarcoPublication . Sousa, Honorato José Santos Correia de; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio QuintalO presente relatório está inserido no âmbito da cadeira de Estágio Pedagógico (EP) do Ciclo de Estudos conducente ao grau de Mestre em Ensino de Educação Física (EF) nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário da Universidade da Madeira, que decorreu na Escola Básica e Secundária Gonçalves Zarco, no ano letivo 2011/12. O seu objetivo passa por relatar a ação global do estagiário ao longo do processo de estágio, refletindo sobre os vários níveis de intervenção: Prática Letiva; Atividades de Integração no Meio (AIM); Atividades de Intervenção na Comunidade Educativa (AICE) e Atividades de Natureza Científico-Pedagógica (ANCP). O processo de Prática Letiva configura-se como uma das componentes do EP com maior importância. A gestão do processo de ensino-aprendizagem mediante a sua planificação, realização e controlo, juntamente com a assistência às aulas, possibilitaram um conjunto de vivências em contexto real de ensino, tornando esta experiência fundamental no processo de formação profissional na área da EF. A intervenção dum professor deve revestir-se de uma natureza eclética, operacionalizando um conjunto de atividades para envolvimento de todo o contexto escolar. As AIM, designadamente a Caracterização da Turma, o Estudo de Caso(relacionado com os baixos níveis de aptidão física dos alunos), a Ação de Extensão Curricular intitulada “Educação e Formação ao Longo da Vida”, bem como as AICE, “GZ On The Moove!” e “FutZarco2012”, configuraram-se como importantes momentos na prossecução desses objetivos. Uma vez que o professor deve adotar uma postura proactiva relativamente à investigação, procurando desenvolver projetos e partilhar conhecimentos, foram dinamizadas as ANCP, onde se debateu as potencialidades pedagógicas do programa de Atividade Física Fitnessgram (Individual) e do fenómeno Futebol de Rua (Coletiva). O EP concretizou-se num processo muito enriquecedor para o desenvolvimento e formação eclética da personalidade profissional enquanto docente, permitindo a aquisição de importantes conhecimentos e competências pedagógicas em contexto real.
- The influence of numerical variability in small-sided games on youth football goalkeepers’ tactical-technical behaviourPublication . Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio; Sarmento, Hugo; Caldeira, Romualdo; Marques, Adilson; Lopes, Helder; Ihle, AndreasPurpose. The main purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the tactical-technical behaviour of football goal keepers (GKs) across 5 small-sided games (SSGs) formats with temporary numerical variability. Methods. The sample involved 4 male under-17 GKs from the same team aged 16.1 ± 0.52 years. Three sessions were held on 3 different days to collect information. On each day, the 10-minute SSGs exercise with temporary numerical vari ability was repeated twice. The numerical ratio of players changed every 2 minutes without interrupting the practice. The exercise always started with a situation of 3 vs. 3 + GK (‘+ GK’ for both teams in each format), going through 4 vs. 3 + GK, 5 vs. 3 + GK, 3 vs. 4 + GK, and 3 vs. 5 + GK. Results. The 3 vs. 3 + GK format and the numeric superiority by 1 and 2 (4 vs. 3 + GK and 5 vs. 3 + GK) induced fewer defensive tasks in comparison with numeric inferiority (3 vs. 4 + GK and 3 vs. 5 + GK). From an offensive perspective, 3 vs. 3 + GK caused more offensive tasks in comparison with numeric superiority by 1 and 2 (4 vs. 3 + GK and 5 vs. 3 + GK). However, the game formats in numeric inferiority (3 vs. 4 + GK and 3 vs. 5 + GK) induced more offensive tasks. Conclusions. This study suggests the use of temporary numerical variability SSGs to increase offensive and defensive GK tactical-technical behaviour.
- Efficacy of augmented reality-based virtual hiking in cardiorespiratory endurance: a pilot studyPublication . Ahmad, Muhammad Asif; Sousa, Honorato; Quintal, Élvio Rúbio; Bermúdez i Badia, SergiExergames can be used to overcome a sedentary lifestyle. Virtual Reality (VR) has made exergames successful, and they can be used to increase heart rate, but some limitations are found, such as the adaptation of the heart rate in exergames to the player's fitness profile. VR technology has been used to simulate virtual cycling and walking experiences. We designed and developed an exergame' Virtual Levadas' in a cave-based VR environment to simulate the Levadas hiking tracks. They are the main attraction for tourists in Madeira Island, Portugal. This study's main objective was to assess player exertion, usability, participation, and realism of the simulation of the Levadas tracks. We performed this study with 13 participants who played Virtual Levadas for 6 minutes and found a significant increase in player's average physical activity and heart rate. Overall, our results demonstrate that Virtual Levada's exergame provides a higher exertion level, immersion, and realism of the virtual environment than the literature.
- The influence of small-sided football games with numerical variability in external training loadPublication . Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Marques, Adilson; Sarmento, Hugo; Pestana, Marcelo; Quintal, Tomás; Lopes, Helder; Ihle, Andreas: Small-sided games (SSGs) are a motivational strategy and effective training method to develop skills and physical fitness at optimal intensity. This study investigates the influence of variability in the number of players on the physiological response using SSGs. The sample was composed of 10 field players with an average age of 15.9 ± 0.50 years old. Three sessions were held on 3 different days to collect information. The 10 min SSG exercise with temporal numerical variability was repeated twice on each day. The numerical ratio of players involved changed every 2 min without disrupting the practice. In a game space with 35 × 25 m, the exercise always started in a situation of 3 vs. 3. External training load metrics (i.e., physical activity counts, activity intensity, and energy expenditure) were assessed using Actigraph WGT3X accelerometers. The 3 vs. 3 format game had higher physical activity counts (i.e., higher vector magnitude) and requested more time spent in very vigorous physical activity intensity. Consequently, the 3 vs. 3 format in young football players had higher energy expenditure (i.e., a higher METs) than that in the other studied game formats. This study confirms the influence of SSGs with numerical variability in external training load.