Loading...
13 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
- Constructing ethanol-derived bioactive extracts using the brown seaweed Zonaria tournefortii (J.V.Lamouroux) Montagne performed with Timatic extractor by means of response surface methodology (RSM)Publication . Nunes, N.; Valente, S.; Ferraz, S.; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Carvalho, M.A.A. Pinheiro deUnderstanding the biochemical and antioxidant composition and capacity of a target biomass is the first step to its selectivity as functional food which can enhance the ability to promote health by reducing the risk of chronic diseases. The main purpose of this work was to employ response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the effect of the independent variables, % of ethanol (50–96%), time of sonication (0–20 min), and number of extraction cycles (6–18 cycles) in the primary extract of brown seaweed Zonaria tournefortii, studying the yield variation of some bioactive compounds, assessing the potential of these bioextracts to integrate as a natural additives or supplements in the functional food industry. The extractions were performed employing “Green Chemistry” techniques executed with the Timatic extractor, which applied pressurized ethanol solution at a maximum pressure of 8.5 bar through milled dehydrated biomass in the extraction vessel. Several parameters were assessed in the primary bioactive extract which included extract yield (11.56–28.49 g (100 g)−1 dw), total chlorophyll content (0.14–1.42 g (100 g)−1 dw), total carotenoid content (0.35–0.80 g (100 g)−1 dw), total fucoxanthin content (0.04–0.13 g (100 g)−1 dw), total phenolic content (3.58–5.84 g (100 g)−1 dw), total flavonoid content (0.22–4.70 g (100 g)−1 dw), DPPH (56.05–76.45%), and reducing activity (3.83–6.04 g (100 g)−1 dw). A second objective was to determine the suitability of the residue for subsequent extraction of valuable compounds such as fucoidan (4.87 to 6.59 g (100 g)−1 dw) and cellulose (18.88 to 20.27 g (100 g)−1 dw), implementing the first step to a biorefinery strategy, using a cascade approach.
- Different seaweeds use for iodine deficiency overcomePublication . Ferraz, Sónia; Ragonezi, Carla; Nunes, Nuno; Valente, Sofia; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro deIodine deficiency is one of the three most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is a global public health problem that affects particularly the young children, pregnant women and elderly. The consequences of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) include goiter and cretinism. The traditional consumption of iodine via supplemented salt should be monitored to reduce population sodium intake due to hypertension problems and the uncertain bioavailability of iodine in the supplemented salt. One approach for an effective and cost-efficient iodine supplementation is the use of seaweeds in food intake. Seaweeds, among all foods, are the most famous and reliable source of natural iodine. In this minireview we pretend to explore the different uses of seaweeds to fill the iodine deficiency and improve life quality.
- Ecology and diversity of Solanum trisectum Dunal from Madeira Island: implications for Its conservationPublication . Alves, Sónia Ferraz; Reis, Fábio; Henriques, Dina; Freitas, Gregório; Gouveia, Carla S.S.; Fernandes, Francisco Manuel; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro deSolanum trisectum Dunal is an endemic Solanaceae of Madeira Island (Portugal), considered critically endangered due to its extreme rarity. Since its discovery this species has shown a narrow distributional range mainly on the northern side of the island, with scattered and small populations and large time gaps between sightings. The present work aimed to understand the underlying ecological underpinnings for this species rarity towards an effort to increase the success of conservation actions. Data on historical locations, environmental conditions field surveys, reinforcement in situ and ex situ germination trials were obtained. The species was found to currently occur only in two wild populations and two reinforcement sites, amounting to twenty-four plants in total. Statistical analysis of these data related wild populations and successful reinforcement sites, separating them from other sites where the reinforcement did not succeed. This suggests that the successful reinforcement sites showed conditions more similar to wild population sites compared to non-successful ones. The data obtained supports the hypothesis that S. trisectum distribution and rarity is determined by species specific habitat needs, i.e., abiotic conditions, which have been for the first time assessed during the present work. Further, this study also reinforces the classification of S. trisectum as a top priority species for conservation.
- Evaluation of fucoxanthin contents in seaweed biomass by vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detectionPublication . Nunes, N.; Leça, João M.; Pereira, Ana C.; Pereira, Vanda; Ferraz, S.; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Marques, José C.; Carvalho, M.A.A. Pinheiro deFucoxanthin is considered an important marine bioactive compound with biological properties with promising effects, namely on health. A simple and efficient analytical methodology is proposed for its quantification in seaweed biomass by using vortex-assisted solid-liquid microextraction (VASLME) followed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) photodiode array detection (PDA) analysis. This microextraction uses reduced quantities of sample (25 mg) and solvent (300 μL of ethanol) to efficiently extract this high-valued xanthophyll, in a vortex time of 15 min. These extraction parameters were optimized performing a Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis, running 32 individual experiments. In turn, the method validation was assessed. The linearity of the method was confirmed (R2 = 0.99998) in a concentration range from 12 to 3600 μg·g−1 dw. Also, good sensitivity and accuracy results were observed through the LOD (3.33 μg·g−1 ), LOQ (10.09 μg·g−1 ) and recovery (varied from 95 to 97%) assessments. Good precision was also verified, with intra-day variation within 2.0–3.3%, and inter-day within 1.0–3.8%. Matrix effect was also evaluated and an acceptable variation of 3.4% was found. The method applicability was confirmed by the analysis of 22 seaweed biomass samples and fucoxanthin content was found to vary from about 10 to 853 μg·g−1 dw. This method demonstrated a good performance and can be successfully implemented for a rapid, reliable and accurate screening of fucoxanthin in seaweed biomass.
- Nutraceutical potential of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan extracts and assessment of a downstream purification strategyPublication . Nunes, Nuno; Valente, S.; Ferraz, Sónia; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Carvalho, M .A. A. Pinheiro deThe main goal of the present work was to determine the nutraceutical potential of Asparagopsis taxiformis D. extracts from Madeira Archipelago south coast. Extraction methodologies consisted either/or in 72 hours stirring, at room temperature (M1), or 6 cycles of Soxhlet extraction (M2), both with re-extraction. Solvents used were distilled water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate. M1 allowed to obtain the highest values for extraction yield (31.65 g.100g 1 dw) using water, whereas iodine content (3.37 g.100g 1 dw), TPC (1.71 g GAE.100g 1 dw) and chlorophyll a (45.96 mg.100g 1 dw) were obtained using ethanol, and TCC (36.23 mg.100g 1 dw) with methanol. Extracts that showed higher reduction activity in M1 were derived from ethanol extraction (1,908 mg AAE.100g 1 dw). Water and ethanol were the best solvents for higher DPPH scavenging activity in M2, both with same result (IC50 1.37 mg.mL 1 ). The lowest value of IC50 for chelating activity (1.57 mg.mL 1 ) was determined in M1, using ethyl acetate. The remaining residue was used to obtain other products, i.e. lipid extraction (M1, 2.05 g.100g 1 dw), carrageenans (M2, 21.18 g.100g 1 dw) and cellulose (M1, 23.81 g.100g 1 dw) with subsequent FTIR ATR analysis. Our results show that A. taxiformis is a valuable source of bioactive compounds. The M1 extraction methodology using ethanol is the most effective solvent to produce an iodine rich bioactive extract with potential of being used as a nutraceutical supplement. Also, we have demonstrated a possible downstream strategy that could be implemented for multiple compound extraction from A. taxiformis residue. This has a vital importance for future feasibility, when using this biomass as an industrial feedstock for multiple products production. Statistical analysis, using SPSS 24.0, was also performed and important correlations were found between assays and methods.
- Biochemical composition, nutritional value, and antioxidant properties of seven seaweed species from the Madeira ArchipelagoPublication . Nunes, N.; Ferraz, S.; Valente, S.; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Carvalho, M. A. A. Pinheiro deBiochemical composition and antioxidant activity were assessed in seven seaweeds from Madeira Archipelago, namely, the chlorophyte (Ulva lactuca), the rhodophytes (Asparagopsis taxiformis, Chondrus crispus, Galaxaura rugosa, Grateloupia lanceola and Nemalion elminthoides), and the phaeophyte (Zonaria tournefortii). Seaweed mineral content varied from 16.60 to 84.16 g (100 g)-1 dry weight (dw). Organic matter, composed by fiber and matrix polysaccharides (8.33 to 54.04 g (100 g)-1 dw), starch (1.95 to 25.41 g (100 g)-1 dw), protein (2.80 to 17.55 g (100 g)-1 dw), and fat (1.46 to 12.04 g (100 g)-1 dw), was also determined. Asparagopsis taxiformis was found to have substantial quantities of protein, fat, fiber, and matricial polysaccharides, compared to the other analyzed seaweeds. Analysis of antioxidant components included the measurement of chlorophyll a (28.81 to 244.3 g (100 g)-1 dw), total carotenoids (0 to 297.8 g (100 g)-1 dw), total phenolic compounds (0 to 2154 mg GAE (100 g)-1 dw), and total flavonols (7.27 to 604.8 mg QE (100 g)-1 dw). Zonaria tournefortii was found to possess the highest contents of chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity, determined through ferric reduction antioxidant potential (FRAP), ferrous ion chelating (FIC), free radical-scavenging assay (FRSA), and β-carotene bleaching (β-CB). Statistical analysis showed 38 significant correlations between various biochemical and antioxidant parameters or activity and determined that fat content showed the highest number of correlations. Overall, this study gives a better understanding of Madeira autochthonous seaweeds in their potential of being introduced as a raw material for nutrient supplementation in various food products or to produce functional foods using seaweed natural properties.
- Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in AgriculturePublication . Jiménez-Arias, David; Morales-Sierra, Sarai; Silva, Patrícia; Carrêlo, Henrique; Gonçalves, Adriana; Ganança, José Filipe Teixeira; Nunes, Nuno; Gouveia, Carla S. S.; Alves, Sónia; Borges, João Paulo; Carvalho, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro deEncapsulation in agriculture today is practically focused on agrochemicals such as pes ticides, herbicides, fungicides, or fertilizers to enhance the protective or nutritive aspects of the entrapped active ingredients. However, one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies, biostimulants, is hardly explored in this field. Encapsulation of biostimulants could indeed be an excellent means of counteracting the problems posed by their nature: they are easily biodegradable, and most of them run off through the soil, losing most of the compounds, thus becoming inaccessible to plants. In this respect, encapsulation seems to be a practical and profitable way to increase the stability and durability of biostimulants under field conditions. This review paper aims to provide researchers working on plant biostimulants with a quick overview of how to get started with encapsulation. Here we describe different techniques and offer protocols and suggestions for introduction to polymer science to improve the properties of biostimulants for future agricultural applications.
- Fatty acid composition, TLC screening, ATR-FTIR analysis, anti-cholinesterase activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity to A549 tumor cell line of extracts of 3 macroalgae collected in MadeiraPublication . Nunes, N.; Rosa, G. P.; Ferraz, S.; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Carvalho, M. A. A. Pinheiro deThree macroalgae collected at Madeira Island were included in this study to determine their potential for drug, nutraceutical, food, or supplement application. Fatty acid content was higher in Zonaria tournefortii (12.32 mg g−1 dw) with 16.58% of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3), and arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) having concentrations of 2.59 and 1.17%, respectively. The anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherogenicity potential was higher for Z. tournefortii due to relevant fatty acids in the biochemical composition this macroalgae. Lipid classes were assessed in the lipid extract and neutral lipids (NL) were in higher yield in Asparagopsis taxiformis (51.16%) and lower in Z. tournefortii (26.96%). The glycolipids (GL) were between 36.03 and 16.11% in Z. tournefortii and Ulva lactuca. Phospholipids (PL) fraction varied from 35.91 and 31.60% in A. taxiformis and Z. tournefortii. TLC screening identified that U. lactuca contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL, digalactosyldiacylglycerol in its GL, and cardiolipin and L-α-phosphatidylcholine in its PL. Zonaria tournefortii contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL classes, and the PL classes contain L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol. The macroalgae A. taxiformis revealed cholesterol in its NL fraction and the same phospholipids as Z. tournefortii in its PL fraction. ATRFTIR analysis enabled a “fingerprint” spectra and important sulfation absorption bands were identified, revealing the functional polysaccharides within these macroalgae. Anti-cholinesterasic activity was assessed in A. taxiformis, with a low IC50 for AChE (8.92 ± 0.43 μg mL−1 ) and BuChE (13.96 ± 0.32 μg mL−1 ), demonstrating dual inhibitory activity, justifying the interest to identify the active principle which may be the scaffold of a novel drug.
- Validation of a spectrophotometric methodology for a rapid iodine analysis in algae and seaweed castsPublication . Nunes, N.; Valente, S.; Ferraz, S.; Barreto, Maria Carmo; Carvalho, M.A.A. Pinheiro deIodine plays an important role in human metabolism and its deficiency is particularly harmful in pregnancy and childhood. It remains a major public health concern in many countries, especially in Portugal. The main purpose of this work was to develop a validated spectrophotometric analysis for a fast and reliable iodine quantification in algal samples. Absorbance was determined at 410 nm demonstrating a good linearity (R2 ≈ 1.0) in the range of 0–0.06 mg I/100 g. LOD and LOQ were 1.7 × 10−3 and 5.0 × 10−3 mg I/100 g, respectively. Accuracy was determined using recovery and varied between 101 and 118%. For precision analysis, an intra-day test performance (RSD = 8.7%) and a repeatability assay (RSD = 3.8%) were performed. Matrix effect assessment demonstrated that this had a negligible effect (3.2%) in the iodine quantification. The spectrophotometric method was externally validated, for iodine quantification in algal samples, by INSA certified laboratory. The correlation coefficient between external iodine quantification and our work was R2 ≈ 0.9, showing a good correlation. Applicability was assessed in 25 macroalgae species (5 green, 9 red and 11 brown), 12 seaweed casts, collected in Canary Islands and 1 microalga (Isochrysis galbana) provided by ITC (Instituto Tecnologico de Canarias).
- Pharmacological and cosmeceutical potential of Seaweed Beach-Casts of MacaronesiaPublication . Zárate, Rafael; Portillo, Eduardo; Teixidó, Sílvia; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de; Nunes, Nuno; Ferraz, Sónia; Seca, Ana M. L.; Rosa, Gonçalo P.; Barreto, Maria CarmoSeaweed beach-casts are a seasonal phenomenon that regularly deposits tons of algae biomass on beaches, which are usually disposed of in landfills. The present work aimed to contribute to the valorization of this biomass by studying bioactivities that reveal its potential in the pharmaceutical and/or cosmeceutical industries. Methanol and ethanol extracts and fractions from 15 beach-casts biomass were tested for a range of bioactivities. Eight of the most active samples exhibit IC50 values between 11.38 µg/mL and 19.28 µg/mL and selectivity indexes higher than 3.8, against NCI-H1299 (lung cancer) and T47D (breast cancer). Concerning antiaging potential, all the extracts tested presented UV protection, with SPF values above 30, like the standard sunscreen. Regarding aging-related enzymes, 24 samples were tyrosinase inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values from 9.01 µg/mL to 200.09 µg/mL. Eight extracts inhibited collagenase (IC50 < 248.76 µg/mL), two of them more actively than positive control EDTA (IC50 = 59.26 µg/mL). In addition to UV protection, the cumulative effect of antityrosinase and anticollagenase activities shown by the samples suggest that they may play a significant role in preventing skin photoaging. The results obtained demonstrate the high potential of beach-cast seaweed biomass as sources of cosmetic bioproducts with antiaging effects, and of selective cytotoxic metabolites.