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- Caracterização das lesões numa equipa do futebol profissional portuguêsPublication . Martins, Francisco; Santos, Francisco; Caldeira, Romualdo; Henriques, Ricardo; França, Cíntia; Ornelas, Rui; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioO futebol profissional caracteriza-se pelas suas exigências físicas, fazendo com que a exposição dos jogadores a riscos elevados de lesão seja uma problemática em ascensão. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar as lesões de uma equipa profissional de futebol ao longo de uma época. Trinta e seis atletas do sexo masculino, enquadrados na 1.ª Liga Portuguesa de Futebol, foram acompanhados ao longo da época desportiva 2020/2021. Caracterizou-se uma lesão desportiva como a incapacidade demonstrada pelo atleta, devido a um momento de treino ou jogo, que exigiu intervenção médica ou interrupção parcial ou total da sua atividade desportiva. No total, 34 lesões foram registadas. Cada jogador falhou em média 14.3 dias devido a lesão. As lesões mais recorrentes foram as entorses (35.3%) e as lesões musculares (35.3%), sendo os membros inferiores a zona do corpo mais afetada (85.29%). As lesões ocorreram maioritariamente em treino (58.8%) e as de jogo registaram-se sobretudo nos últimos 15 minutos (57.14%). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo vêm auxiliar o staff técnico das equipas profissionais de futebol na identificação de fatores de risco associados às lesões no futebol profissional. O estudo desta temática é fundamental para a otimização dos protocolos de prevenção e de recuperação de lesões.
- A Systematic Review of the Association Between Muscular Fitness and Telomere Length Across the Adult LifespanPublication . Marques, Adilson; Peralta, Miguel; Marconcin, Priscila; Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Ferrari, Gerson; Martins, João; Sarmento, Hugo; Ihle, AndreasThis study aimed to systematically review the association between telomere length (TL) and muscular fitness. In October 2020, an articles search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included: cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental study design; outcomes included TL; results expressed the relationship between muscular fitness and TL; studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Nine studies were included in the review. Results from the four prospective studies are mixed. In one study, the changes in TL were associated with grip strength. Another study concluded that longer mid-life TL was associated with increased grip strength later in life. However, in the other two studies, the association between TL and sarcopenia was not strong. Nevertheless, longer TL was associated with a slower decline in grip strength in older people. From the four cross-sectional studies, three indicated that TL was associated with muscular fitness. On the other hand, in a study with powerlifters, TL remained within the range of values found in subjects with no history of regular strength training, supporting the notion that muscular fitness was not associated with TL. The cross-sectional and prospective studies showed that the relationship between TL and muscular fitness is not conclusive. It seems that there is a positive association between TL and muscular fitness in middle-aged and older adults. However, among younger adults, this relationship was not observed.
- O papel do comportamento do professor e do contexto da aula de educação física na promoção da aptidão cardiorrespiratóriaPublication . Peralta, Miguel; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Sarmento, Hugo; Martins, João; Catunda, Ricardo; Marques, Adilson
- Exploring grip strength as a predictor of depression in middle-aged and older adultsPublication . Marques, Adilson; Henriques-Neto, Duarte; Peralta, Miguel; Marconcin, Priscila; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Ferrari, Gerson; Martins, João; Ihle, AndreasGrip strength (GS) is an indicator of health and vulnerability and inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore GS discrimination capacity for depression; and possible GS cut-of values for depression by sex and age group. Data from 2011 and 2015 on 20,598 (10,416 women) middle-aged and older adults from 14 European countries was analysed. GS was assessed by dynamometer, and depressive symptoms using the EURO-D scale. GS cut-of values for depression were calculated and logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of having depression in 2011 and in 2015 according to being bellow or above the cut-of value. GS had a weak discriminant capacity for depression, with the area under the curve varying between 0.54 and 0.60 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity varied between 0.57 and 0.74; specifcity varied between 0.46 and 0.66. GS cut-of values for discriminating depression were 43.5 kg for men and 29.5 kg for women aged 50–64 years, 39.5 kg for men and 22.5 kg for women aged≥ 65 years. Having GS above the cut-of represents signifcant lower odds of depression in 2011 and 4 years later, in 2015. Healthcare practitioners and epidemiologic researchers may consider the low GS cut-of values to screen for potential depression risk. However, due to its weak discriminant values these cut-ofs should not be used to identify depression.
- School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Santos, Francisco; Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Lopes, Helder; Peralta, Miguel; Martins, João; Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia; Zurek, Grzegorz; Marques, AdilsonObjective: This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths’ physical activity. Data source: The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Study inclusion criteria: Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. Data extraction: The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. Data synthesis: Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. Results: Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi component approach. Conclusions: Most interventions employed a school’s multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth’s physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention’s characteristics and the disparity in the results’ efficacy.
- Participation in Physical Education Classes and Health-Related Behaviours among Adolescents from 67 CountriesPublication . Martins, João; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Carvalho, Francisco; Sarmento, Hugo; González Valeiro, MiguelThe present study sought to examine the associations between participation in physical education (PE) classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. Secondary analysis of self-reported data from the Global Student Health Survey, collected between 2010 and 2017 from 222,121 adolescents (N = 117,914 girls; 49.0%; aged 13–17 years) from 67 countries and five world regions, was carried out. Participation in PE classes (0, 1–2, ≥3 days/week) was the independent variable. Physical activity (PA); sedentary behaviour (SB); active travel to school; fruit, vegetables, and alcohol consumption; and smoking; as well as adopting ≥5 of these healthy behaviours; were the dependent variables. Complex samples logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between participation in PE classes and health-related behaviours. The results revealed that 18.2% of adolescents did not take part in PE classes. A total of 56.7% and 25.1% of adolescents reported participating in PE classes on 1–2 and ≥3 days/week, respectively. Only 26.8% of adolescents adopted ≥5 healthy behaviours. Participation in PE classes was positively associated with PA, active travel, fruit consumption, and vegetable consumption (only for ≥3 days/week), but was negatively associated with meeting SB recommendations, and with not smoking (only for girls and ≥3 days/week). Overall, PE participation was positively associated with adopting ≥5 healthy behaviours, with favourable results found for those who attended more PE classes. The findings revealed a positive association between participation in PE classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. This suggests that, worldwide, quality PE should be delivered at least 3 days per week up to daily to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents.
- Cross-sectional and prospective relationship between low-to-moderate–intensity physical activity and chronic diseases in older adults from 13 european countriesPublication . Marques, Adilson; Peralta, Miguel; Martins, João; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Valeiro, Miguel G.Aim: To assess the relationship between low-to-moderate–intensity physical activity (LMPA) in 2011 and chronic diseases in 2011and2013amongolderEuropeanadults.Methods:Participants(16,157menand21,260women)from13Europeancountries were interviewed about the presence of chronic conditions and LMPA. The association between LMPA and number of chronic diseases was assessed using logistic regressionmodels.Results: Mostof theolder adults participated inLMPA more thanoncea week(81.9%),8.4%participated oncea week,and9.3%didnotparticipate.Theprevalenceofchronicdiseases wassignificantly lower among those who reported engaging in LMPA. The LMPA in 2011 was related with lower odds of having several chronic diseasesin2013.Conclusion:EngaginginLMPAisassociatedwithreducedriskforchronicdiseasesinolderEuropeanmenand women. Even the practice of LMPA once a week seems to be enough to diminish the risk of having chronic diseases.
- Speed and agility predictors among adolescent male football playersPublication . França, Cíntia; Gouveia, Élvio; Caldeira, Romualdo; Marques, Adilson; Martins, João; Lopes, Helder; Henriques, Ricardo; Ihle, AndreasThis study aimed to examine the associations between lower-body explosive strength (squat jump—SJ, and countermovement jump—CMJ), speed (10- and 35-m linear sprints), and agility (t-test) capacities, after controlling for crucial predictors such as chronological age (CA) and body composition. The sample was composed of 164 adolescent male football players from under 19, under 17, and under 15 age groups. Body fat percentage (BF%) was significantly and positively related to body mass, speed, and agility. In contrast, BF% was a significant negative predictor of lower-body explosive strength. Sprint and t-test times were significantly and negatively correlated with lower-body explosive strength. After controlling for CA and body composition, SJ was the most significant predictor, accounting for 36 to 37% of the variance observed in the 35 m linear sprint and the t-test performance. Our main results suggest that lower-body explosive strength, particularly in the SJ, is a significant predictor of male adolescent male football players’ speed and agility capacities. Conversely, detrimental relationships between BF% and these outcomes were observed. Sports agents should consider lower-body explosive strength development as part of the youth football training process, particularly to improve maximal sprint and change of direction times, which are crucial to game performance.
- Associations between muscular strength and vertical jumping performance in adolescent male football playersPublication . França, Cíntia; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Nuno, João; Campos, Pedro; Gonçalves, Frederica; Martins, João; Gouveia, ÉlvioThis study aimed to investigate the associations between muscular strength tests and vertical jumping performance (countermovement jump [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ]) in adolescent male football players, while controlling for important predictors such as chronological age and body composition. Methods. The sample involved 161 male footballers (mean age: 15.8 ± 1.7 years) from the under-19, under-17, and under-15 age groups. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated with Slaughter equations. Muscular strength assessment included handgrip strength and push-up and sit-up tests. Vertical jumping was examined through CMJ and SJ. Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were run to analyse the data. Results. All muscular strength tests showed significant correlations with CMJ and SJ. Handgrip strength was the most substantial predictor for CMJ (r = 0.43, p < 0.01) and SJ (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). However, regression models identified sit-ups (CMJ: = 0.15, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.23; SJ: = 0.16, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.27) and push-ups (CMJ: = 0.13, p < 0.01; SJ: = 0.15, p < 0.01) as significant predictors after controlling for chronological age, body mass, and BF%. In contrast, BF% remained a significant predictor of jumping performance (CMJ: = –0.43, p < 0.01, R2 = –0.39; SJ: = –0.52, p < 0.01, R2 = –0.52) in the whole hierarchical regression model. Conclusions. This study reinforces the importance of players’ overall physical development, including healthy diet habits, to enhance jumping performance.
- Genetic influence on football performance: a systematic reviewPublication . Sarmento, Hugo; Marques, Adilson; Field, Adam; Martins, João; Gouveia, Élvio; Prieto Mondragón, Laura; Ordoñez Saavedra, Nestor; Rodríguez, Diego; Clemente, FilipePurpose. To systematically review and organise the available literature devoted to the topic of genetics and performance in football. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed for original research published before October 2019. The following keywords were entered: ‘Soccer’ OR ‘Football’ AND ‘Genetic’ OR ‘Epigenic’ OR ‘Powergene’ OR ‘Genomic’ OR ‘Genotype’ OR ‘Polymorphism’ OR ‘Genetic marker’. Articles were screened by using pre-defined selection criteria, and methodological quality was assessed independently by 2 authors. Results. The electronic searches yielded 872 articles, and after the screening process, a total of 38 studies met the eligibility criteria and were subsequently included for review. Conclusions. The reviewed studies identified the most frequently addressed topics in this area of research: (1) performance related genes; (2) injury-related genes; (3) body composition-related genes; and (4) cardiac adaptations. This area of research is still at an early stage, and there is a need for studies to develop knowledge of genetics and its link with physical, technical, and cognitive performance in football with a view to facilitating talent identification in young players.