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- Perception of the quality of life of older adults of Borba-AM, BrazilPublication . Lima, Alex Barreto de; Faber, Myrian Abexassis; Freitas, Duarte; Silva, Rafaela Pinheiro; Moro, Vanderson Luis; Pereira, Laís de Lima; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioQuality of life is a multidimensional concept that refers to an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value system in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations and standards and is affected by their physical health and the psychological state. This study aimed to describe the perception of health-related quality of life of elderly people living in the municipality of Borba-AM, Brazil. The sample consisted of 233 elderly people (71.2 ± 8.9 years). The data were obtained through the generic instrument of quality of life "Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey" (SF-36). It is verified that the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and social aspects had higher and statistically significant values (p<0.05) for the male group compared to the female gender. Elderly people presented a good perception of health-related quality of life in most of the investigated domains (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, role emotional, social functioning and mental health)
- Influência do modelo de educação desportiva na motivação de alunos do 3º ciclo numa unidade didática de ginástica desportivaPublication . Gouveia, Élvio; Oliveira, Ricardo; Gaspar, Arcanjo; Delgado, Marcelo; Freitas, Duarte
- Cross-validation of the Beunen–Malina method to predict adult heightPublication . Beunen, Gaston P.; Malina, Robert M.; Freitas, Duarte L.; Maia, José A.; Claessens, Albrecht L.; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Lefevre, JohanThe purpose of this study was to cross-validate the Beunen–Malina method for non-invasive prediction of adult height. Three hundred and eight boys aged 13, 14, 15 and 16 years from the Madeira Growth Study were observed at annual intervals in 1996, 1997 and 1998 and re-measured 7–8 years later. Height, sitting height and the triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured; skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner–Whitehouse 2 method. Adult height was measured and predicted using the Beunen–Malina method. Maturity groups were classified using relative skeletal age (skeletal age minus chronological age). Pearson correlations, mean differences and standard errors of estimate (SEE) were calculated. Age-specific correlations between predicted and measured adult height vary between 0.70 and 0.85, while age-specific SEE varies between 3.3 and 4.7 cm. The correlations and SEE are similar to those obtained in the development of the original Beunen–Malina method. The Beunen– Malina method is a valid method to predict adult height in adolescent boys and can be used in European populations or populations from European ancestry. Percentage of predicted adult height is a non-invasive valid method to assess biological maturity.
- Tracking of gross motor coordination in Portuguese childrenPublication . Henrique, Rafael S.; Bustamante, Alcibíades V.; Freitas, Duarte L.; Tani, Go; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Maia, José A.The purpose of this study was to investigate the tracking of gross motor coordination (GMC) and to profile children at 6 years of age who consistently showed higher stability patterns in different levels of GMC. The participants were 245 children (123 boys and 122 girls) who were assessed longitudinally from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, physical activity, and health- and performance-related physical fitness were also measured. Cohen’s kappa (κ) was used to estimate tracking. Tracking was poor for all GMC tests (0.17 ≤ κ ≤ 0.38) and moderate for the GMC motor quotient (MQ) in both boys and girls (0.44 ≤ κ ≤ 0.45). Instability at the extremes was low in GMC tests and negligible for MQ. Children who consistently showed high GMC levels during the 4 years of follow-up were lighter, had lower body mass index and subcutaneous fat, and showed higher scores in physical fitness tests at 6 years of age than those who consistently had low GMC levels. In conclusion, GMC showed low-to-moderate tracking over time in childhood. However, children who consistently demonstrated high GMC levels over time had healthier profiles at 6 years of age.
- Skeletal muscle and physical activity in Portuguese community-dwelling older adultsPublication . Gouveia, Élvio R.; Gouveia, Bruna R.; Maia, José A.; Blimkie, Cameron J.; Freitas, Duarte L.The aims of this study were to describe age- and sex-related differences in total body skeletal muscle (TB-SM) mass and to determine the variance explained by physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 402 females, aged 60-79 years. TB-SM was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PA by Baecke questionnaire. Statistical analysis included t test, ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis. TB-SM mass was higher in the youngest age group when compared with the oldest in males and females. Males had greater TB-SM values than females. PA made a significant and positive contribution to the variation in TB-SM P = 0.071 \ p — .016. Sex, height, fat mass, and PA explained 77% of the variance in TB-SM. The oldest cohorts and females had lower TB-SM than the younger cohorts and males. This study suggests that PA exerts a significant role in the explanation of TB-SM.
- Uma comparação da aptidão funcional de mulheres idosas portuguesas e brasileirasPublication . Gouveia, E. R.; Maia, José António Ribeiro; Beunen, Gaston Prudence; Blimkie, Cameron Joseph; Gouveia, B. R.; Velosa, S. F.; Freitas, Duarte Luís deO objectivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever e comparar os perfis funcionais de duas amostras: 401 idosas portuguesas e 967 brasileiras (Krause et al., 2009), dos 60-79 anos. A aptidão funcional (ApF) foi avaliada usando a bateria Senior Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones 2001). Em ambas as amostras, as idosas dos 60-64 anos apresentaram melhores desempenhos na maioria dos testes de ApF, comparativamente às dos 75-79 anos. As idosas brasileiras foram mais proficientes na aptidão cardio-respiratória e flexibilidade, e as portuguesas, na força do membro superior. Os valores do índice de massa corporal foram superiores nas idosas portuguesas (60-79 anos). Estes resultados poderão ser úteis na identificação precoce de perdas funcionais, e fundamentar a intervenção ao nível da ApF em mulheres idosas.
- Prediction of adult height in girls: the Beunen-MalinaFreitas methodPublication . Beunen, Gaston Prudence; Malina, Robert M.; Freitas, Duarte Luís de; Thomis, Martine Ann; Maia, José António Ribeiro; Claessens, Albrecht Leo; Gouveia, Elvio R.; Maes, Hermine H.; Lefevre, Johan AiméThe purpose of this study was to validate and cross-validate the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method for non-invasive prediction of adult height in girls. A sample of 420 girls aged 10–15 years from the Madeira Growth Study were measured at yearly intervals and then 8 years later. Anthropometric dimensions (lengths, breadths, circumferences, and skinfolds) were measured; skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method and menarcheal status (present or absent) was recorded. Adult height was measured and predicted using stepwise, forward, and maximum R2 regression techniques. Multiple correlations, mean differences, standard errors of prediction, and error boundaries were calculated. A sample of the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study was used to cross-validate the regressions. Age-specific coefficients of determination (R2) between predicted and measured adult height varied between 0.57 and 0.96, while standard errors of prediction varied between 1.1 and 3.9 cm. The cross-validation confirmed the validity of the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method in girls aged 12–15 years, but at lower ages the cross-validation was less consistent. We conclude that the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method is valid for the prediction of adult height in girls aged 12–15 years. It is applicable to European populations or populations of European ancestry.
- Skeletal maturation, fundamental motor skills, and motor performance in preschool childrenPublication . Freitas, D. L.; Lausen, B.; Maia, J. A.; Gouveia, É. R.; Antunes, A. M.; Thomis, M.; Lefevre, J.; Malina, R. M.Relationships among skeletal age (SA), body size and fundamental motor skills (FMS) and motor performance were considered in 155 boys and 159 girls 3-6 years of age. Stature and body mass were measured. SA of the hand-wrist was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse II 20 bone method. The Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition (TGMD-2), and the Preschool Test Battery were used, respectively, to assess FMS and motor performance. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, the standardized residuals of SA on chronological age (SAsr) explained a maximum of 6.1% of the variance in FMS and motor performance in boys (ΔR23 , range 0.0%-6.1%) and a maximum of 20.4% of the variance in girls (ΔR23 , range 0.0%-20.4%) over that explained by body size and interactions of SAsr with body size (step 3). The interactions of the SAsr and stature and body mass (step 2) explained a maximum of 28.3% of the variance in boys (ΔR22 , range 0.5%-28.3%) and 16.7% of the variance in girls (ΔR22 , range 0.7%-16.7%) over that explained by body size alone. With the exception of balance, relationships among SAsr and FMS or motor performance differed between boys and girls. Overall, SA per se or interacting with body size had a relatively small influence in FMS and motor performance in children 3-6 years of age.
- Physical fitness spurts in childhood: a study in boysPublication . Pereira, Sara; Garbeloto, Fernando; Guimarães, Eduardo; Santos, Carla; Baxter‐Jones, Adam; Tani, Go; Freitas, Duarte; Bustamante, Alcibíades; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Maia, JoséThis study aimed to (1) estimate age-at-mid-growth spurt (age-at-MGS) in Portuguese boys from two different regions—the Azores islands and Viana do Castelo, and (2) identify spurts in a variety of physical fitness (PF) components aligned by age-at MGS in the two samples. A total of 176 (Azores, n = 91; Viana do Castelo, n = 85) boys aged 6 years old were followed annually to 10 years of age. Age-at-MGS and spurts in PF components (speed, explosive muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength, agility, and flexibility) were identified for each sample. The timing and intensities of the spurts were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical proce dure. In Azorean boys, age-at-MGS occurred at 7.8 years (6.99 cm y−1), whereas in Viana do Castelo it occurred at 7.9 years (6.20 cm y−1). Spurt in speed was at tained 12 months after the MGS in both samples (0.53 and 0.35 cm y−1 in Azores and Viana do Castelo, respectively), whereas spurts in explosive muscular strength and flexibility occurred 12 months before the MGS and at the MGS (Azores: 21.59 and 5.52 cm y−1 and Viana do Castelo: 14.12 and 2.5 cm y−1, respectively). Agility and abdominal muscular strength peaked between 0 and 12 months after the MGS (Viana do Castelo: 0.37 m s−1 y −1 and 6.71 reps y−1 and Azores: 0.28 m s−1 y −1 and 19.36 reps y−1, respectively). Results indicate that developmental spurts in explosive strength and flexibility occur before, or are coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height, whereas spurts in speed, agility, and abdominal muscular strength occur after, or coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height.