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- Does destination image influence the length of stay in a tourism destination?Publication . Machado, Luiz PintoThis paper analyses the relationship between the image of a destination and demand duration, focusing specifically on Madeira. A seemingly unrelated discrete-choice duration model is adopted, with data from a questionnaire survey undertaken in 2008 on a sample of homeward-bound foreign individuals departing from Madeira’s Funchal Airport. The paper discusses the policy implications of the research findings.
- Impacto econômico da inoperacionalidade do Aeroporto Internacional da Madeira – Cristiano RonaldoPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, António; Camacho, Élvio; Teles, Susana
- A dinâmica do turismo do Porto e do Norte de Portugal e a relação com o Vinho do PortoPublication . Machado, Luis Pinto; Ribeiro, DiamantinoA Cidade do Porto tem vindo a assumir uma elevada preponderância no cenário turístico nacional e um crescente prestígio a nível internacional, comprovado não só pelo aumento do número de visitantes, como pelos vários prémios que lhe têm sido atribuídos em importantes concursos mundiais do setor, como por exemplo “Melhor Destino Europeu” 2014 e 2017. Paralelamente, os dados já disponíveis em relação ao Turismo em Portugal no ano de 2016 demonstram que foi mais um ano excelente para o setor. Neste cenário, entendeu-se pertinente estudar a relação entre a nova dinâmica do turismo da cidade, no contexto da Região Norte, com o Vinho do Porto, o ex-libris por excelência da Região, em termos do contributo para o aumento do consumo e das exportações. Para além disso, sendo o Vinho do Porto um dos vinhos mais conhecidos no mundo, pretende-se compreender de que forma a relação entre o produto e a cidade podem criar uma simbiose ainda mais perfeita em termos de promoção turística de forma a constituir mais-valias para a economia, cultura, sociedade, região e País.
- Turismo e mono indústria, a emergência da mudança - O caso da Ilha do Porto Santo - Contributo para a recuperação da economia das ilhasPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, António
- The length of stay in tourismPublication . Barros, Carlos Pestana; Machado, Luiz PintoEconomic theory generally treats the duration of a vacation as a constraint on demand imposed by available time. In contrast, in this paper, it is shown that the length of stay is a determinant of destination demand rather than a demand characteristic. The length of stay is largely explained by the socio-demographic profile of the tourist, and moderated by the perceived characteristics of the destination. The length of stay is also found to have sample selection. Moreover, previous research that does not take sample selection into account is inadequate. Policy implications of the research findings, particularly those to increase the length of stay, are discussed.
- The future outlook for portuguese travel agentsPublication . Assaf, A. George; Barros, Carlos Pestana; Machado, Luiz PintoThis paper adopts a three-stage procedure to measure and test the productivity and efficiency standings of Portuguese travel agents during 2005–2007. In the first stage, the authors use a bootstrapped Malmquist index approach to obtain estimates of total productivity growth. In the second stage, they obtain year-by-year efficiency scores, using a bootstrapped DEA model. A bootstrapped truncated regression is then adopted in the third stage to identify the covariates that explain technical efficiency. Results from a sample of 25 agents indicate that, on average, Portuguese agents experienced an increase in productivity over the period of the study. On the efficiency side, however, most travel agents were found to be operating at a high degree of inefficiency. Differences in productivity and efficiency between individual travel agents appeared to be related to factors such as market share and management style. The results are discussed and policy implications are derived.
- Covariates of repeat tourism: an endogenous switching Poisson modelPublication . Assaf, A. George; Barros, Carlos Pestana; Machado, Luiz PintoThis paper introduces the endogenous switching Poisson model to analyse the underlying reasons behind repeat visitation to Madeira Island. The advantage of the model is that it allows for both unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity in the covariates. Using data gathered by questionnaire, the authors confirm that the overall fit of the model is good and outperforms other related count data models. From the model estimation it is clear that the number of visits to Madeira Island is supported by multiple variables such as destination attributes, hotel facilities and travel cost, tourist motivation and tourist satisfaction. The related policy implications are derived.
- The on-going process of reinventing classic tourism destinations: the case of nordic tourists in Madeira IslandPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, AntónioIn this paper, we analyze the effect of tourism experience-related variables on Nordic visitors’ interest in Madeira as a potential second home destination, within the framework of the reinvention of classic tourism destinations as attractive residential areas and tourism hot spots. Over time, Madeira has experienced a sharp decline in terms of the numbers of Nordic visitors, which has prompted local experts to discuss alternative paths to re-attract past visitors back to the island. The second home market was considered one of the viable solutions among the several alternatives considered to address problems of declining market shares. In order to assess the conditioning factors of success in this market niche, we applied a questionnaire to a sample of Nordic visitors to assess their interest in the local second home market. The econometric approach retained in this study is based on the randomized response to take into account potential bias in the data. We suggest that Nordic visitors are only marginally interested in Madeira for second home purposes, which does not mean that we are dealing with a hopeless situation. Further development in this sector can only be reached in the medium term based on sustained quality improvements along with long-term strategic thinking focused on developing a feeling of attachment among potential second home owners.
- Crise, competitividade e inovação: o caso da Ilha da MadeiraPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, António
- Factors explaining length of stay: Lessons to be learnt from Madeira IslandPublication . Almeida, António; Machado, Luiz Pinto; Xu, ChenThe length of stay for tourists is shrinking for traditional tourism destinations, with tourists instead opting for short breaks to multiple destinations. The reasons for these changes include the increasing number of low cost airlines re duces the cost per journey, alongside heightened disposable income and strong marketing strategies by competing des tinations. Madeira Island is well placed in this study as it faces a typical issue of declining length of stay, meanwhile acquires rich data in carrying out thorough analyses in the factors that explain length of stay in Madeira Island Portugal by five different econometric approaches, further policy implications of the research findings, particularly those that could potentially prove useful to increase the length of stay, are also discussed.